The Hidden Meaning of Forms: Methods of Recording Paleolithic Parietal Art

There are many restrictions placed on researchers studying Paleolithic Cave art due to the constraints of conservation that limit direct contact with the original works. This paper discusses how recent advances in technology have revolutionized the study and interpretation of Paleolithic cave art. The interpretation of Paleolithic symbolic systems is a complex process and hypotheses must be applied to cave art with the greatest of precision. A detailed analysis of the painted or engraved surfaces leads to a greater understanding of both the techniques employed and the actual sequence in which parietal compositions were executed. By unlocking the creative process followed by Upper Paleolithic artists we are able to glimpse the artist’s motivations and to understand a portion of the art’s hidden meaning.

Hunters and gatherers past and present: Perspectives on diversity,teaching, and information transmission

This article reviews four books on hunters and gatherers. It begins with a discussion of the debates over the concept of hunter-gatherers. Theoretical approaches to hunter-gather studies are examined briefly. The view then assesses the four books and the various subjects which they address. These subjects include the issue of ethnographic analogy, diversity, evolution, and archaeological perspectives as well as understanding contemporary hunter-gatherer societies. Additional topics include land use, the assignment of meaning to landscapes, way finding, territoriality, boundary-marking, and networks. Social learning, teaching, and information dissemination are discussed, with emphasis on some of the things that are learned, such as sharing, fair treatment of others, the importance of compassion, and moral values. Hunter-gatherer studies have evolved to the point where both archaeologists and anthropologists are taking into careful consideration the need to consider both past and present in their investigations and to focus also on the non-hunter-gatherer societies with whom they are interacting. As people who defined themselves as indigenous, hunter-gatherers are well aware of the social, economic, environmental and political challenges that they are facing, and they are seeking to address these challenges along with support organizations and researchers in an attempt to ensure their long-term security and well-being.     

区域标志性形象:特征、构成与整合开发——以兰州市为例

区域标志性形象具有惟一性、象征性、传承性、资源性特征,其构成要素主要包括文化特色、景观塑造、空间布局、生态背景等。兰州自然环境意象独特,历史文化底蕴深厚,标志性形象的整合开发具有显著的区域优势,但目前存在的问题是,标志性形象的空间分布不均衡,景观形象不突出。鉴于兰州市标志性形象的现状,在综合分析区域差异和比较优势的基础上,提出该区域标志性形象的整合应构建兰州区域本底标志性形象,配置门户和窗口区域标志性,凸显黄河风情线整体标志性,塑造人与环境和谐的标志性。     

人文地理过程内涵辨析与模拟探讨

人文地理过程是陆地表层系统地理过程最重要的组成部分之一。本文从陆地表层系统科学的角度出发,探讨了人文地理过程的基本内涵及主要组成部分,指出人口迁移过程和经济集聚-扩散过程是人文地理过程最重要的要素过程,城市化和土地利用变化是人文地理过程最直接的空间表达形式;在此基础上进一步探讨了人文地理过程模拟的核心内容,包括要素模拟和综合过程模拟;提出了人文过程模拟的主要数据源获得途径与模拟方法,指出了人文地理过程模拟需要解决的几个关键问题。     

甲骨文水名及其形音义特点

研究商代人文环境的关键是地名,而一般地名的支点又是水名。水名所附着的山川自然景观对人们的生活有着至关重要的影响,一个水名形成之后,将直接影响其流域的其他地名。从历史的发展角度看,水名形音义的稳固性和继承性是其他普通地名所无法比拟的。因此,研究地名首先要清理水名。 一、甲骨文水名的界定 １．把在卜辞中“涉某”的“某”认作是水名,其条件是：“某”一般从水符,并在卜辞中用作地名。 《说文》：“■,徒行厉水也。从■,从步。涉,篆文从水。”①段注：“涉,引申为凡渡水之称。”②涉在卜辞中的意义正是段氏所说的引…     

Taking Southern African Ceramic Studies into the Twenty-First Century: A Zimbabwean Perspective

I advocate in this contribution the need to emphasize the social milieu of pottery production, use, and distribution as a means of gaining a meaningful understanding of the significance of ceramics from archaeological contexts. Je préconise dans cette contribution le besoin de souligner le milieu social de la production, de l'emploi et de la distribution de poteries en tant que moyens de gagner une compréhension sérieuse de l'importance de céramiques venant de contextes archéologiques.     

对旅游卫星账户涵义和特点的深层思考

旅游卫星账户是当前联合国和世界旅游组织等国际机构所积极推广的一种测度旅游业经济影响的方法体系。本文从卫星账户相关背景和发展进程的梳理入手,从概念、总量、分类、表式等方面分析了旅游卫星账户的丰富涵义。在此基础上,文章从两个角度对旅游卫星账户所具备的特点和优势进行了深入剖析：其一为基本特点,包括统一“旅游”相关概念、从需求和供给双重角度描述旅游活动、对包价旅游产品进行“净估价”核算等;其二为统计特点,包括对旅游活动的全面统计和特殊统计、对“增加值”的统计和旅游消费的行业分类统计等。准确理解这些涵义和特点是我国启动旅游卫星账户工程的前提和基础。     

汉阳陵出土陶牛的葬仪内涵

西汉景帝阳陵自上世纪90年代开展考古工作以来,现已清理了陵园建筑基址、外藏坑、陪葬墓等诸多遗存,出土了极其丰富的各种遗物,其中陶猪、陶羊、陶狗、陶鸡、陶牛等陶塑动物为一大宗。相对而言,陶牛数量不是很多,但仔细分     

唐代诗论中“意”的意象内涵与理论探索

＂意＂是唐代诗论中一个非常重要的范畴,其意义非常丰富,＂意象＂是它的一个非常重要的含义。＂意＂、＂象＂、＂物象＂往往相互指涉。唐代诗论家对＂意象＂与诗歌的文体属性、意象的生成过程和心理机制等理论问题及其创造方法进行了深入的探索和研究。     

Sappho’s “Brothers Poem”: An Interpretation

This article explores the overall meaning of Sappho's “Brothers' Poem” by elucidating its web of interwoven verbal repetitions. “The gods”, Sappho seems to say, “reward those who have moderate wishes, think in longer time frames by trying to exploit all their resources and understand the law of natural alternation, regulated by Zeus, by bringing about an even more spectacular reversal of fortune”.