Integrating shallow geophysical survey: archaeological investigations at Totógal in the Sierra de los Tuxtlas,Veracruz, México

The Postclassic site of Totógal in the western Tuxtla Mountains of Veracruz, Mexico contains rare examples of stone architectural features in the southern Gulf Lowlands. Today, the partial remains of one such structure are highly visible; however, the amount of wall fall, looters' pit destruction and over-growth masks the extent and form of the feature. Local histories ascribe these ruins to early Colonial construction periods, however Postclassic Aztec-style artifacts recovered near this architecture question the occupational sequence of the site and its constructions. To better examine the extent of construction, as well as the occupation associated with them, we conducted a program of shovel testing, topographic mapping, electromagnetic induction survey and excavation. We discuss our findings in this paper and demonstrate the utility of geophysical surveys as complementary field strategies in the Tuxtla Mountains and other volcanic regions.     

The spiral that vanished: the application of non-contact recording techniques to an elusive rock art motif at Castlerigg stone circle in Cumbria

This article describes the recording of stone 11 of the Castlerigg stone circle in Cumbria through two different non-contact techniques: laser scanning and ground-based remote sensing. Despite the unproblematic recording of modern graffiti, neither technique was able to document the spiral photographed and rubbed in 1995. It is concluded that the spiral was most probably painted and has since faded away due to natural events. The discovery and loss of the spiral motif in Castlerigg is seen as a cautionary tale. In particular, it seems to suggest that it is time to take advantage of the novel technologies based on the digitisation of 3D surfaces with millimetre and submillimetre accuracy such as laser scanning and ground-based remote sensing. They offer many advantages to the recording of prehistoric carvings. In addition to avoiding direct contact with the rock surface eliminating the preservation concerns raised by other techniques, both produce high quality images (laser scanning offering a greater potential for this, but at higher cost) having a much higher level of objectivity, and precision and accuracy far beyond those of traditional recording methods such as wax rubbings and scale drawings.     

本土高星级饭店员工培训需求调查研究——以浙江省为例

员工培训是提高人力资源效率的最有效手段之一。在经济全球化的时代,在旅游业日趋国际化、竞争越来越激烈的浙江,以培训促进员工素质和工作质量的提升,成为本土饭店强化管理和竞争能力的重要手段。本研究以浙江省13家五星级饭店为样本,以问卷调查的方法,研究了高星级饭店员工的培训需求,并提出了有效培训的对策。     

Integrated near-surface geophysical survey of the Cathedral of Mallorca

This paper describes an integrated near-surface geophysical study carried out in order to obtain high-resolution images of the shallow subsurface under and around the Cathedral of Mallorca. The study was a part of a global project focused on determining the state of the building structure and on evaluating the Cathedral's dynamical behaviour (natural frequencies and vibration modes). Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and the capacitively coupled resistivity method were used to obtain 2D images of the shallow subsurface. Refraction microtremor array measurements (ReMi) were also used to characterize the rock and soil properties and several invasive boreholes provided detailed and exact information on the stratigraphy. The information from the geophysical data was used to determine a final model of the ground, with indications of the most likely vulnerable zones.     

The design of effective and efficient trial trenching strategies for discovering archaeological sites

This paper reports a study on the effectivity and efficiency of trial trenching strategies for site discovery within the context of Dutch archaeological heritage management. It discusses the principles of site discovery by means of trial trenching, and suggests the optimal strategies for trial trenching survey, based on the results of simulations. Effective and efficient strategies for discovering different groups of archaeological sites are given, according to their presumed size, shape and feature density. The recommended strategies will be included in the Quality Norm for Dutch archaeology.     

Magnetic detection of ship ballast deposits and anchorage sites in King Herod's Roman harbour,Caesarea Maritima,Israel

Ballast stone deposits are a common feature of sediments in ancient harbour basins but are often overlooked as a potential source of archaeological information. Recent geophysical investigations at Caesarea Maritima in Israel have discovered a thick, laterally extensive ballast layer in the area seaward of the 1st c. BC Roman harbour. The ballast deposits were identified by low-relief mounds on the seabed with elevated magnetic intensities. Jet probing and excavation of magnetic anomalies at several locations revealed a 20–60 cm thick rubble layer containing large quantities of Late Roman and Byzantine pottery, local sedimentary boulders (kurkar sandstone, limestone cobbles) and foreign igneous and metamorphic boulders (granite, schist, volcanics; ca. 50%). The foreign boulders and pottery identify the rubble layer as ballast and ships refuse jettisoned by merchant ships outside the harbour. The strong magnetic contrast between the ballast deposits and the natural seabed sediments is attributed to the high magnetic susceptibility (>10⁻³ SI) of crystalline boulders and pottery materials within the ballast rubble.     

陕西咸阳市西汉成帝延陵调查记

受陕西省文物局的委托,咸阳市文物考古研究所于2002年对西汉成帝延陵及其周围遗迹进行了大规模的钻探调查,基本上明确了该陵的分布范围,并对延陵的后妃陵墓提出己见.钻探调查的成果对西汉帝陵的保护和研究以及咸阳塬上秦陵的发现和确认具有重要的参考价值.     

美国历史上的土地测量制度

土地测量是美国公地处理中的一项重要制度,它为地产的划分和土地的买卖提供了强有力的支持手段.土地测量在美国西部大开发过程中起到难以估量的巨大作用.美国土地测量中的村镇制度经历了村镇移植到村镇划分的嬗变过程,即由先前的人的移植变为后来纯粹的土地的划分.     

HM Ship Roebuck (1690–1701): Global Maritime Heritage?

William Dampier, his literature, and the associated archaeological remains, notably HM ship Roebuck, are of undoubted global significance. While there are acknowledged legal rights to the remains in respect of the Crown, and of Ascension Island where Roebuck was lost, there also exists a number of nations possessing an interest in this famous 'pirate and hydrographer' and his ship. Australia is one of those nations and in March 2001 a team under the auspices of the Western Australian Maritime Museum conducted research, search and survey aimed at finding out more about William Dampier and his lost ship. This is a precis of their results.
© 2004 The Nautical Archaeology Society     

Marine Magnetic Survey of a Submerged Roman Harbour, Caesarea Maritima, Israel

A marine geophysical survey was conducted at Caesarea Maritima, Israel, to map the buried structure of King Herod's Roman harbour. Magnetic surveys reveal the presence of an extensive hydraulic concrete foundation below the ruined harbour moles. The magnetic anomaly patterns indicate that the concrete foundation was laid out in header fashion along N-S and W-E trending segments to form two large 'artificial islands'. Magnetic lows within the structure identify baffles that were infilled with sand to stabilise the concrete foundation walls.
© 2004 The Nautical Archaeology Society