Music and the Aesthetic Copernican Revolution of the Eighteenth Century

ABSTRACT

In the mid-eighteenth century music underwent a sudden and drastic revolution when composers “discovered” a new dimension to their art. This had immense repercussions on the philosophy of art, for the music created before and after this divide represents two different species of aesthetic experience, which in due course affected our understanding of the meaning and import of the other arts as well. Despite the immense aesthetic repercussions of this Copernican revolution in music, philosophers of art seem not to have taken much notice of it. This essay details the emergence of the relevant musical criteria during the eighteenth century and dwells on their long-term impacts on the philosophy of art.     

用科学发展观指导青海经济社会的发展

青海所处的独特地理环境要求经济社会的发展必须要科学化。扼制当前经济社会发展、环境破坏严重的出路是：应用科学发展观指导青海经济社会的发展。     

犍陀罗与马图拉造像艺术比较研究

犍陀罗艺术和马图拉艺术是贵霜王朝时期大乘佛教传播过程中产生的最重要的两种造像范式,两种佛像的雕塑材料、造型特征、艺术风格上都呈现出巨大的差异性。本文将两者进行比较,介绍了犍陀罗和马图拉艺术的文化、地理范围和分期,列举了犍陀罗和马图拉造像艺术的主要差异性。根据两地出土文物证实,两者虽然归属于独立发展的艺术体系,但两者之间始终联系紧密、互为影响。马图拉艺术所代表的印度本土因素,在犍陀罗艺术形成初始期就已经对犍陀罗造像产生影响,并一直持续至犍陀罗艺术晚期灰泥阶段。受犍陀罗艺术"迦毕试样式"的影响,贵霜时代马图拉艺术出现了着通肩式佛衣、身材矮短的佛像。笈多时代马图拉艺术在融合犍陀罗灰泥造像的基础上创造了"湿衣佛像",并以此完成了印度佛像自诞生之日起便不断融入亚洲人审美特征、逐渐向着东方风格佛像回归的整个历程。