抗战时期的国民参政员对海外华侨的统战思想

国民参政会是抗战时期的一个统一战线组织,华侨是中国抗战的重要力量,因此,每届国民参政会,针对如何团结华侨问题都有大量的提案。在太平洋战争爆发以前,提案的主题主要围绕怎样发动华侨支持抗战而展开;在太平洋战争爆发以后,提案的主题主要转变为怎样支持华侨及准备支持华侨的复员工作。本文主要分析国民参政员在这两个不同的时期关于华侨问题提案的特点以及参政员对华侨统战思想侧重点的变化。     

冷战后日本国家战略的"普通化"与中日关系

本文将冷战后日本国家战略的演变明确定义为“普通化”即成为“普通国家”的进程,探讨这种变化与中日关系发展的内在联系,提出“普通国家间关系”应该成为21世纪中日关系的发展方向,并对形成未来双边关系机制的必要性做了相应阐述,认为这一分析框架是从国家战略层面把握中日关系发展的现实需要。     

Emerging challenges of an urban creative economy: reflections on the governance of creative clusters in Taipei City

ABSTRACT

Retaining the global mobile creative class has been considered a crucial strategy for driving creative economic development in inner cities. However, implementing the global creative city strategy overemphasizes the significance of amenity-based creative economic landscapes over institutional collaborations in contributing to the situated governance dynamics of creative clusters. Drawing on insights from an evolutionary perspective, this paper scrutinizes the extent to which creative city strategies foster the situated development of creative clusters based on a case study of Taipei. The paper argues that developing the urban creative economy requires a context-specific understanding of the urbanization process, and should involve an institutional collaboration to articulate the socio-spatial co-evolution between the diversified dynamics of creative clusters and urban form. This paper advocates reflexive thinking on neoliberal city strategies to develop a conjunctive, diverse and substantial creative policy to support alternative paths of creative city development.     

Medieval and Modern C2: Command and Control in the Field during Western Europe’s Long Twelfth Century (1095–1225)

‘Command and control’ has become ever more important in the postmodern military world even though there is no universal consensus among contemporary militaries on what ‘command and control’ encompasses. Military histories, manuals and handbooks of the Anglo-American world concede that classical armies and leaders understood the concepts but dismiss eras like the long twelfth century entirely or present them with a lack of understanding or context. Why is this? This can be partially answered through the following factors: (1) the nature of ancient vs. medieval source material; (2) perceived lack of professionalism in medieval armies; (3) the existence of discrete tactical formations in the ancient world but not medieval; (4) the perceived existence of a professional officer class or political career in the ancient world but not the medieval; and (5) the nature of ancient and medieval authority and strategic, operational and tactical objectives. Twelfth-century commanders exhibited command and control although they faced different challenges compared to their ancient or modern counterparts.     

新时期中国“乡村病”的科学内涵、形成机制及调控策略

“乡村病”是指在乡村转型发展过程中,由于乡村发展系统内部各子系统之间以及乡村发展系统与周围环境互动失衡导致乡村发展系统失去了自适应、自调节能力而导致乡村发展受阻甚至乡村地域系统衰退的现象。“乡村病”的成因包括乡村资源禀赋及区位条件、社会经济因素、制度与政策因素、技术因素等。“乡村病”在快速城镇化和工业化以及由其扰动形成的乡村转型发展过程中产生,其产生根源在于城乡二元体制以及“重城轻乡”政策等所构成的制度与政策约束。最后,从制度与政策创新、城镇化与乡村化协调均衡发展、村镇建设新格局的构建等方面提出了“乡村病”的调控策略,为我国城乡协调发展的科学决策以及乡村振兴战略提供认识和理论研究基础。     

Population growth,climatic cooling,and the development of collector strategies on the Southern Plateau,western North America

A change in human adaptations on the Southern Plateau during the fourth millennium B.P offers the opportunity to investigate the process by which immediate-consumption strategies are replaced by delayed consumption strategies among hunter-gatherers. Assemblage structure and settlement pattern are used to infer the nature of resource acquisition strategies between 2000 and 6000 radiocarbon years B.P., and the results are compared with a proxy record of population and a detailed reconstruction of terrestrial and riverine paleoenvironments. Results show that a strategy of mobile and later occasionally sedentary foraging with little use of storage technology persisted until as late as 3500 B.P and was abruptly and without detectable gradation replaced by a strictly scheduled, semisedentary, logistically organized, storage-dependent collector strategy. The change took place at a time of depressed population and 400 years after a period of climatic cooling had begun, thus eliminating both demographic pressure and environmental determinism as explanations. The evidence could be explained by prolonged selective pressure of an increasingly seasonal environment acting on successively attempted behavioral variants, but the widespread rise of collector-like strategies throughout the west at about the same time leaves open the question of exogenous development and highlights the importance of climatic change.     

论“女性经济”时代的女性旅游市场开发

“女性经济”的出现促进了女性旅游的进一步发展。这一时期,女性旅游者的旅游动机比以往更为强烈,出游人数不断增加,出游方式渐趋多样,安全认知增强。本文在分析女性旅游消费特征的基础上讨论了女性旅游市场的细分和女性旅游产品的设计与开发策略。     

The development of competitiveness clusters in Croatia: a survey-based analysis

ABSTRACT

In order to stimulate growth and competitiveness, many EU member states have implemented cluster-based development strategies. Several works underline the benefits of policy-driven clusters, but understanding how clusters can create value for their members is still an open issue. This work contributes to the literature by investigating 13 Competitiveness Clusters in Croatia, a special type of policy-driven clusters developed within the country’s smart specialization strategy, using original data from a survey on 250 cluster members. Our results indicate the existence of very different attitudes towards the rationale for the initiative. In particular, while some members are more interested in lobbying activities, others see networking and innovation as the most important objectives of clusters. Findings also show that the evaluation of cluster management, governance and performance varies according to the desired objectives. Overall the Competitiveness Clusters initiative in Croatia did not meet members’ expectations.     

Sir Philip Mitchell and the Indian Ocean, 1944–49

This article examines the strategic initiatives that Sir Philip Mitchell, governor of Kenya, brought to Great Britain’s Indian Ocean imperial and diplomatic policy in the years following the Second World War. Seeking to give strategic shape to his own coastal Islamic sympathies, Mitchell encroached on high-level policy debates with a proposal to reorganise Britain’s Western Indian Ocean around a political directorate to administer the coastal zones from Aden to Tanganyika. Such a cadre, Mitchell argued, would provide a valuable defensive bulwark against nationalist agitation and a ‘civilised’ foundation for local government initiatives. This paper brings together biography, strategic policy and area studies to demonstrate how Africa’s decolonisation shaped and limited the strategic options for Britain’s post-war Indian Ocean policy. Mitchell’s proposal broached a fascinating debate concerning the Indian Ocean as a realm of historical experience and future political construction.     

美国国家安全战略中的地缘政治思想

地缘政治在美国影响深远,根植于人们的意识中,成为政治家、战略家们观察国际事务、思考战略问题的一种习惯性观念。在美国的国家安全战略中,始终隐含和贯穿着深厚的地缘政治思想,它的战略是以稳定的地理考虑为基础的。本文以《美国国家安全战略报告》为据,阐明这种特征。