金石学在现代中国考古学中的表达

本文将考古学与金石学的关系分为三个时期,首先,从源头上探明金石学与考古学内在学理上的相似甚至一致之处;其次,阐明考古学进入中国的前后,金石学是怎样起到了铺垫作用,并且对考古学的走向产生了怎样的影响;第三,金石学,乃至其背后的史学、经学背景,仍然影响着现代中国考古学的许多方面,体现在报告编写的思路、论文题目的选定等……     

“Soldiers with stiff bodies”: rumors,stereotypes and the Chinese image of the British army during the First Opium War (1839-1842)

ABSTRACT

A curious aspect of the First Opium War was the circulation among Chinese officials of two claims made about British soldiers, instigated by Commissioner Lin Zexu: their uniforms were so tight that if they were to stumble they would not be able to get up again; and, the men were “like fish,” thus able to function well at sea, but not to fight on land because they had become so used to the pitching and rolling of their ships. This article examines the extent to which these notions took on the quality of wartime rumors, and how they spread beyond generals and officials and into the general population. It considers the way in which the rumors functioned in different ways and at different levels of society, taking on different constructions of meaning in multiple social and political domains.     

Investigation and analysis of ancient brick carvings of the Liuhe Pagoda in Hangzhou

The Liuhe Pagoda in Hangzhou, China, has a large number of brick carvings from the Southern Song Dynasty (1152 ce ), covering an area of 464 m². However, the exquisite brick carvings in the Liuhe Pagoda have deteriorated due to natural weathering and a high-humidity environment. Through laboratory analysis and on-site nondestructive testing, the physical and chemical properties of the brick carvings of Liuhe Pagoda were investigated, and the weathering mechanism of the brick carvings was further analyzed. The brick carving of Liuhe Pagoda is composed of brick, white plastering and black coating. CaCO₃ is the main component in white plastering, and the black coating on the top surface contains Chinese lacquer. The weathering products of the brick were analyzed and a trace of CaSO₄.2H₂O was found. In addition, the brick carvings with high water content have low Leeb hardness and severe weathering. Therefore, water and soluble salt are the main factors in weathering of the brick carvings of the Liuhe Pagoda.     

Assessment Techniques for Studying the Effects of Fire on Stone Materials: A Literature Review

ABSTRACT

Fire is one of the most severe threats to stone applied in civil engineering and architecture. In most cases, its effects are irreversible and have long-lasting repercussions. In addition to aesthetic alterations, fire can also induce important mineral-chemical, physical, and mechanical changes in stone. Research concerning the effects of fire on stone materials in recent decades has been providing valuable knowledge to inform present and future conservation and restoration actions. In this literature review, the properties and techniques used for studying the effects of fire on stone materials are appraised, summarized, and compiled. A comprehensive and practical overview of those effects is also given. Open porosity and P-wave ultrasonic velocity are the physical and mechanical properties that have been studied most. Other frequently researched areas include chemical-mineralogical changes, color, density, water absorption, uniaxial compressive strength, and modulus of elasticity are also very frequently investigated.     

公共服务视野下的城市空间正义问题——以山东省Q市为例

以山东省Q市为例，从公共服务满意度视角探讨城市空间正义问题及其作用路径。研究发现，近年来我国城市存在公共服务视野下明显的空间不正义问题，临近省市政府能享受更多、更好的公共服务，而区政府并不显著，且远离政府权力中心的边缘地带更加严重。不过，这种空间不正义问题更多源自省市政府权力的空间资源配置失衡，区政府没有足够话语权；主要在市辖区层面，街道尺度并不显著。受制于公共产品属性不同，不同公共服务的空间不正义问题有明显差异，弱排他性或弱竞争性的问题较小。另外，权力空间化通过公共产品配置数量和质量影响空间不正义问题，且质量层面远大于数量层面。新时代城市要从提高公共产品质量入手实现空间正义。     

两件金漆木雕的保护修复研究

探索漆木器制备工艺尤其是髹漆工艺,以获取能用于文物保护修复的重要信息,针对两件待上展金漆木雕的保存现状,进行了X射线荧光能谱分析、红外光谱分析、激光拉曼光谱分析、微观形貌分析以及X射线探伤等无损分析。根据分析检测结果,按照不改变文物原状、最小干预、真实性等文物修复基本原则,对文物进行保护修复,对这两件漆木器进行清理、消杀处理,对木胎残缺处进行补配和随色,对漆皮起翘、脱落严重的部位进行漆皮回贴和漆层补全,处理后状态稳定,具有一定的耐久度,达到了展览和长期安全存放的目的。