The multivariate statistical analysis and XRD analysis of pottery at Xigongqiao site

A series of pottery samples excavated from the Xigongqiao site in Tengzhou city of Shandong province was determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Together with excavation data and archaeological analysis, the potential for provenance and technology of unearthed ancient pottery was studied by using multivariate statistical analysis and X-ray powder diffraction pattern (XRD) analysis. In order to characterize and classify these earthenware samples, the major and minor/trace element concentrations were studied with both cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that there were three different groups in cluster analysis dendrogram in good correlation with their colors. This indicated that the potteries were made from clays of different composition. These results were in agreement with the results of principal component analysis. XRD analysis further assessed the validity of multivariate statistical analysis.     

School Choice as a Latent Variable: Estimating the “Complier Average Causal Effect” of Vouchers in Charlotte

Randomized field trials of school voucher policy interventions face major statistical hurdles in the measurement of a voucher effect on student achievement. Selection bias undermines the benefits of randomization when the treatment, a random offer of a voucher, is declined by participants who systematically differ from those who accept. This article argues that the complier average causal effect (CACE) is the parameter of interest in voucher evaluations. As an example, the CACE is estimated using data from a small, one‐year field trial of vouchers in Charlotte, NC. In this estimation, voucher impacts in Charlotte are positive, but appear to be moderated by the probability of compliance. For math achievement, maximum likelihood CACE estimates are smaller and insignificant compared to intention to treat and instrumental variable estimates of mean treatment effects.     

辽宁沿海城市带结构优化研究

城市群结构优化的演变过程是推动城市群发育不断走向成熟与完善的过程。辽宁沿海城市带是我国城市群结构体系中的一个新兴城市群,在我国沿海开发与东北老工业基地振兴中起着战略支点作用。在辽宁沿海经济带开发上升为国家战略的背景下,深入分析该区域城市群的结构特征及优化途径对于整个区域功能提升与发展振兴具有重要意义。本文从人口规模结构、职能结构以及空间结构等方面深入分析辽宁沿海城市带的发展现状特征,并且揭示其中存在的一些问题和不足。在此基础上,从增强大中城市人口集聚规模、重塑都市圈功能关系以及强化轴线式空间拓展等方面提出辽宁沿海城市带的结构优化途径。     

中国家庭出游决策现状及旅游市场营销建议研究——以北京为例

根据旅游决策划分的三个阶段,通过在北京居民区及学校进行问卷调查的方法,分析了核心家庭、夫妻二人家庭和三代同堂家庭的决策模式与家庭成员的决策内容。研究表明,在北京夫妻共同主导型决策模式占比例最大,其次为妻子主导型决策模式。但不同结构的家庭旅游决策模式不同,且不同的家庭成员决定着不同方面的出游决策内容。最后针对中国家庭出游决策模式及家庭成员出游决策内容为旅游目的地市场营销提出了相关建议。     

基于结构方程模型的城市旅游形象影响因素测评

构建城市旅游形象理论模型。以徐州为例,在利用SPSS15.0软件对数据进行了信度检验的基础上,通过LISREL8.70软件对模型检验结果表明,结构模型中各结构变量之间的路径与假定基本符合,模型的整体拟合性能良好;旅游服务认知对目的地满意度评价的作用大于旅游资源,说明影响徐州旅游形象的因素是综合导向型的,而非资源主导型;城市特征和居民素质对旅游服务认知、满意度和忠诚度三者均有效应,而城市竞争力和居民竞争力仅对旅游服务认知产生影响;影响满意度的因素有旅游服务认知、旅游资源认知、城市特征和城市居民素质;忠诚度除了受满意度的影响外,还与城市特征和城市居民素质有关联。     

旅游目的地竞争力定量评价综述

近年来目的地旅游竞争力正逐渐成为国内外研究的热点领域。本文目的是通过梳理与回顾相关研究文献,对旅游目的地竞争力主要评价模型、变量选择、模型应用、优势与限制以及对未来研究趋向进行深入探讨。     

世纪之交的问题意识与新范式探索--日本学者对中国"结构变动"的研究

"文化大革命"结束后,日本学者对现代中国研究的思想史范式提出质疑,开始系统地探索从政治结构的角度阐释中国的历史与现实.到90年代,在历史连续性与不连续性的维度上分析中国的"结构变动"成为日本学者刻意追求的新范式,他们尝试通过对中国政治、经济、社会与外部世界关系诸方面的结构变动分析,提出对中国以及中国改革开放的总体性认识.     

Beyond the carrot and stick: the political economy of US military aid to China, 1945–1951

By applying the rent-seeking assumption and sifting through both the archival materials and published historical documents, this article revisits the US–China relationship during the Chinese Civil War (1946–1949) and the early Cold War period, when the United States was caught in the conundrum of aiding the Chinese Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek. As military aid is usually regarded as an important representation of broader economic aid, this research mainly concentrates on the US military assistance to postwar Nationalist China. This topic is important, as it signifies a direct American involvement in the Chinese Civil War, when the influence of the United States in postwar world politics was overwhelmingly predominant. As a result, postwar Chinese history might be reevaluated in a broader global postwar context. In addition, this article also tells the story about rent-seeking behaviors in the complicated US–China military relations during the early Cold War period at both micro and macro levels. When it came to US military assistance to China, the formulation of policy was perennially in the name of one's best interest.     

以西安为中心的关中城市群的结构优化及其方略

城市群是城市化发展的新形态,也是区域经济发展中的"发展极"。以西安为中心的关中城市群已经形成了西部经济"发展极"的初始条件,成为了西部经济发展的核心地带。以西安为中心的关中城市群的基本现状是:城市群总规模较小,中等城市数量少,小城镇发展滞后。从目前提高竞争力和带动西部经济发展的目标来看,面临着完善空间结构、功能结构和时序结构的任务。在空间结构优化方面,要强化西安中心城市的作用,培育二级中心城市,完善小城镇建设体系,以西安为中心构筑四大城镇群。在功能结构完善方面,要强化城市群区的联系,进行城市群中各个城市功能和性质的重新定位;从时序结构的完善来看,要以增强中心城市的吸引力和辐射力为目标,从近期、远期和远景三个方面安排时序结构。     

Archaeometric evidences of the 4th–2nd century BC amphorae productions in north eastern Sicily

This work focuses on the petro-archaeometric analysis of several transport amphorae dated back from 4th to 2nd century BC which were found in various archaeological excavations recently carried out in Messina and Milazzo (north eastern Sicily). These amphorae, generally known as Graeco-Italic, raise the problem of the identification of their production areas. Petrographic analyses proved the presence of two groups characterised by the presence of coarse metamorphic or volcanic inclusions and one group with finer metamorphic inclusions. Multivariate statistical analyses made it possible to detect the production area of the amphorae with metamorphic inclusion in north eastern Sicily, comparing them with locally produced bricks and clay sediments cropping out near the ancient cities. On the contrary, the studied amphorae rich in volcanic inclusions have petrographic and chemical features which can be attributed to production areas in the Campanian region.