澳门作为会议观光城市的现状和前景

近年澳门旅游业的发展基本上依赖于博彩业。为了确保澳门经济的可持续发展,需要进一步研究讨论澳门发展会议观光的潜力。本文讨论澳门发展会议观光的优势和劣势,通过对产业利益相关的参与者的调查,试图寻找发展会议观光之因素、针对澳门的现状予以比较,并指出澳门作为具有竞争力的会议观光城市所存在的差距。     

新社会阶层政治参与与正确引导

新社会阶层政治参与是在我国基本经济制度等一系列制度和政策调整的条件下形成的。新社会阶层的政治参与具有积极因素,也有其不足方面。只有认真分析和研究新社会阶层政治意识及政治参与的特点,同时采取积极的政策措施,才能引导新社会阶层的政治参与的有序发展,从而在建设和谐社会中发挥新社会阶层的积极作用。     

成本共担与利益共享——旅游开发的利益相关者及其价值取向研究

现代旅游发展理念正在由传统的经济效益导向转向综合效益导向,强调旅游开发的所有利益相关者都能够公平地从旅游开发中受益。本文以利益相关者理论为基础,分析了现代旅游开发过程中利益相关者的构成体系以及各利益相关者所分担的成本、预期的利益,倡导在均衡利益的原则下建立旅游开发的利益分配机制,并提出了实现成本、利益均衡分配的途径,构建起了以利益相关者理论为基础的旅游开发成本、利益均衡分配的基本理论框架。     

感知社区关爱对居民持续参与旅游发展的影响研究——基于心理契约理论的视角

在旅游开发过程中,社区居民的持续参与直接影响旅游业的长远发展。文章基于心理契约理论视角,考察居民感知社区关爱对社区持续参与旅游发展的影响及心理契约感的中介效应。结果表明：①感知社区关爱对社区持续参与旅游发展具有正向影响;②经济关爱和制度关爱正向影响交易型心理契约感,关系关爱和制度关爱正向影响关系型心理契约感;③心理契约感正向影响社区持续参与旅游发展。研究结果不仅从理论上丰富了社区关爱、心理契约感和社区参与旅游发展的关系研究,也为旅游社区治理提供了建议。     

多维贫困视角下的旅游扶贫与空间正义研究——以贵州施秉喀斯特世界遗产地社区为例

旅游扶贫作为促进贫困地区经济发展的主要手段,在产生经济效益的同时亦存在众多社会矛盾,然而以往研究更多强调主体利益,而未从空间的本质去探讨社会矛盾的表现及过程。本文从多维贫困视角,以施秉喀斯特世界遗产地的牌楼冲社区为例,通过深度访谈等研究方法,探讨旅游扶贫产生的空间非正义的问题。研究认为,旅游扶贫对社区产生的效应有经济收入增加但不均衡、村民参与旅游但机会不平等和旅游服务技能提升但参与能力欠缺三方面,这是由资源不公正分配、村民自主决策权缺失和社区参与边缘化等空间非正义过程导致的。本研究对中国传统乡村向旅游乡村转型的空间再组织过程中,由经济制度、旅游政策、资本、发展话语与实践所带来的社会冲突与风险提供了一个新的分析视角,也促进对旅游扶贫的效应及其空间正义问题的反思。     

Designing a New Civic Economy? On the Emergence and Contradictions of Participatory Experimental Urbanism

Can we remake local economies from scratch – not through political struggle but by design – to solve wicked problems and transform urban governance? Such questions are raised by an emergent trend within urban experimentation that emphasises participation and commoning in designing peer-to-peer provisioning systems through a platform logic. This article deconstructs the discourses animating what we term “participatory experimental urbanism” and reflects on what this might mean for local state restructuring in times of neoliberal austerity. By following its policies and prototypes as they move and mutate across the London Boroughs of Lambeth and Barking & Dagenham, we examine two exemplary initiatives, Open Works and Participatory City, tracing their beginnings in Lambeth's “cooperative council” model and their ongoing assembling into novel public-common-philanthropic partnerships. Foregrounding the contradictions within this latest turn towards urban governance-beyond-the-state, we draw out the implications for the future of social innovation, design-thinking, and the experimental city.     

Drivers of (in)equity in collaborative environmental governance

Collaborative environmental governance seeks to engage diverse stakeholders to tackle complex challenges efficiently, sustainably, and equitably. However, mixed empirical evidence underscores a need to understand the conditions under which particularly equity is or is not achieved. Here, we use the empirical case of California Sustainable Groundwater Management to quantify the extent to which vulnerable small and rural drinking water users' needs are addressed in collaborative groundwater planning. Drawing on a diverse array of mixed method data, we then employ Boosted Regression and Classification Trees (BRCT) to assess potential driving factors including collaboration, representation, elite capture, stakeholder engagement, and problem severity/salience. We find each to be influential, highlighting their relevance for equitable planning. We also find evidence that these relationships are complex and outcome specific. Nonetheless, the overall effect on the three equity measures is modest at best. More institutional analysis of collaborative governance regimes from diverse contexts is needed to build a comprehensive understanding of how to meaningfully advance social and environmental equity in such decentralized reforms. Based on our results, we suggest the answer, if there is one, may transcend current focal domains such as stakeholder representation and engagement.     

THE CONCEPT OF CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (EA) EDUCATION

The paper explores the role of education in environmental assessment (ea), identifies the range of techniques used to conduct ea education, and develops a rationale for the concept of critical ea education. The literature on public involvement in ea indicates that public education plays a significant, but poorly defined, role in current thinking on public involvement and reveals a diverse range of education techniques. To clarify the role that education can potentially play in the ea process, consideration of the theories of critical pedagogy and transformative learning led to the concept of critical ea education. Empirical support for critical ea education is presented through consideration of the recent Manitoba ea case involving the Pembina Valley Water Supply System. Nonparametric statistical analysis of variables at work in the Pembina Valley case reveal strong correlations that support the principles of critical ea education. Cette communication explique le rôle que l'gducation joue dans l'haluation de I'environnement (EE), elle identifie la gamme de techniques utilisées dans cette éducation, et elle développe un raisonnement pour le concept de l'importance de l'gducation dans l'EE. La littgrature qui traite le rdle du public dans l'EE indique que l'gducation publique joue un rôle important, mais mal défini, dans la penske courante au sujet de la participation du public dans DE. Cette littgrature révde ggalement toute une gamme de techniques pgdagogiques. Afin de mettre à jour le rôle que l'gducation pourrait jouer dans 1'EE, une considgration des théories de l'gducation critique et de l'apprentissage de la transformation a abouti au concept de l'importance de l'éducation dans 1'EE. Nous présentons en tant qu'appui empirique de l'importance de l'gducation dans l'EE une discussion du cas récent au Manitoba qui concerne le Système deau de la vallée Pembina. Une analyse statistique non-parametrique des variables qui jouent un rôle dam ce cas révélent dimportantes corrdations qui servent à appuyer les principes de l'importance de l'bducation dans 1'EE.     

‘Me at the Centre’: perspectives of children with disabilities on community-based services in Serbia

This paper presents results of the research into perspectives of children with disabilities on the space within community-based services in Serbia. The concept of children's agency and participation is considered in the context of inclusion of children with disabilities in the evaluation of services. Using specially developed ‘Me at the Centre’ evaluation method, 20 children aged between 7 and 17 years receiving the home care, day-care centre and respite care services were interviewed in order to understand their perspectives on the services and the ways to improve them from the child perspective. The research results show that children with disabilities can make a significant contribution to the review and enhancement of community services designed for them.     

European statistics on cultural participation and their international comparability

This paper will consider a number of issues. Section 1 will introduce the paper, establishing why reliable internationally comparable statistics on cultural participation are needed. Section 2 will address the major and various difficulties that arise in comparing national surveys, both over time and to each other. Section 3 will consider the problems that persist even with cross-national surveys for comparative purposes. Section 5 will conclude the paper with some policy recommendations.