Sacred Space in the Worldview and Art of the Tungus-manchu Ethnic Minority Sakhalin Island

The article contributes to research into concepts of sacredness held by the Tungus-Manchu ethnic minority living on Sakhalin Island. The study focuses on the Rukutama staff found by a hunter in 1972 on the Angurovka River, an old arm of the Rukutama River. The staff displays the spatial features of Sakhalin Island in great detail, all of which were included into the life cycle of the island's inhabitants. Sacred knowledge was transmitted over centuries via generations of shamans using the language of sacred compositions, “visual folklore.” Visual art is central to the study of the ethnic history and culture of the modern inhabitants of Sakhalin Island.     

Cutting its coat according to the cloth: the Canadian Militia and staff training before the Great War

In 1909, Canada established the Militia Staff Course (MSC) to provide reserve officers with the basic staff skills they would need upon mobilization. At the time, the Militia severely lacked properly trained staff officers to run formations and draft mobilization plans. Although the course provided only elementary staff training, it reinforced the latent command and staff potential of a generation of officers, as later suggested by their effective and often exceptional service in the First World War. The MSC ultimately proved the first step towards developing a tradition of formal command and staff training in the Canadian Army.     

A note from the editors of JGHE

Abstract

Employers were involved in assessing students’ presentations, giving feedback and in the development of staff skills for providing feedback. The curriculum context to the oral presentations is described and the problems and benefits of employer involvement are considered. It is argued that it is possible to develop an effective small‐scale approach to employer involvement as an alternative to major schemes.     

文化旅游区游客涉入对地方依恋的影响测评

本文从游客涉入和地方依恋的维度层次出发,构建游客涉入对地方依恋的影响模型,以徐州汉文化旅游区为案例地,运用结构方程模型方法分析了文化旅游区游客涉入与地方依恋的结构性关系。研究结果显示,游客涉入对地方依恋有显著影响,具体表现为重要/象征性维度显著正向影响地方依赖;愉悦性维度显著正向影响地方依赖和地方认同;风险性维度显著负向影响地方依赖。地方依恋两维度间的关系也被证实为地方认同显著正向影响地方依赖。     

The Environmental Performance of Participatory and Collaborative Governance: A Framework of Causal Mechanisms

Many have advocated for collaborative governance and the participation of citizens and stakeholders on the basis that it can improve the environmental outcomes of public decision making, as compared to traditional, top‐down decision making. Others, however, point to the potential negative effects of participation and collaboration on environmental outcomes. This article draws on several literatures to identify five clusters of causal mechanisms describing the relationship between participation and environmental outcomes. We distinguish (i) mechanisms that describe how participation impacts on the environmental standard of outputs, from (ii) mechanisms relating to the implementation of outputs. Three mechanism clusters focus on the role of representation of environmental concerns, participants' environmental knowledge, and dialogical interaction in decision making. Two further clusters elaborate on the role of acceptance, conflict resolution, and collaborative networks for the implementation of decisions. In addition to the mechanisms, linking independent with dependent variables, we identify the conditions under which participation may lead to better (or worse) environmental outcomes. This helps to resolve apparent contradictions in the literature. We conclude by outlining avenues for research that builds on this framework for analysis.     

“局”与晚清的近代化

"局"为应对19世纪中叶以来的新兴政务而设,因此从局的发展和变迁,可以看出晚清近代化的步伐.局大体经历了三个发展阶段:第一阶段为局的初步兴起.为了应付1853-1874年间的王朝叛乱,筹款和军需之局在战事中大量兴办.第二阶段为民政事务的局大量兴起.战后,为了恢复地方秩序,局由战事转为民事,其维护了地方社会的发展,造成了上海、汉口等初兴城市的地方自治.第三阶段,局成为国家官僚体系的组成部分.戊戌维新后,局在兴办农工商事务中的作用日益显著;清末新政改革,正式以局为国家官制改革的核心.局的兴办模式也随着发生了变化,由最初的军幕制度到委绅设局,再到科层管理,局的成熟终于成为现代文官制度确立的标志.     

张之洞督鄂期间的幕府

张之洞督鄂时期是其幕府的鼎盛时期。他在湖北创设学堂、厂矿等各种实业、文化机构,通过延聘、札委、奏调的方式,网罗中外各类人才人幕,可谓兼容并包。张之洞对幕府制度实行了改革,总趋势是由幕宾向幕僚转化。他与幕府人员之间建立起了比较和谐的互动关系,幕府人员对张之洞的决策、成就功业作出了重要贡献;同样,张之洞也为幕府人员提供了施展才干的舞台,并为他们的发展升迁开辟道路。     

明南京城墙筑城人员构成及用工量初探

元末明初参与南京城墙建造由各种不同身份的人员组成,总计筑城人数在百万以上。     

社区归属感对乡村旅游地居民社区参与的影响——以浙江安吉为例

乡村旅游地居民是社区参与的主体,社区参与是乡村旅游地可持续发展的重要前提,目前社区归属感对乡村旅游地居民社区参与的影响机制和路径研究较为薄弱。基于文献回顾,引入旅游获益中介变量,构建乡村旅游地居民的社区归属感——社区参与结构方程模型。以浙江安吉为例,通过实地问卷调查采集数据,探讨社区归属感对社区参与的影响机制及路径。研究表明：乡村旅游地居民社区归属感对旅游获益和社区参与均有显著正向影响,旅游获益是社区归属感影响社区参与的中介变量;社区归属感对社区参与既有直接效应又有间接效应,其直接效应（0．48）远远高于通过中介变量旅游获益对社区参与的间接效应（0．55×0．27）;旅游地居民对个人职业与旅游业的关系的重视程度要高于家庭成员职业与旅游业的关系。最后提出了促进乡村旅游发展的若干建议和研究不足。     

旅游服务性企业领导能力的培养

企业能否成功，很大程度上取决于企业领导的素质。本分析旅游服务睦．企业领导应具备的素质，探讨应如何提高旅游服务性企业管理人员的领导能力。