中国生产性服务业发展水平的时空特征及其影响因素

基于标准差椭圆、ESDA-GWR和空间计量方法，对2003-2015年中国286个地级单元生产性服务业发展水平的时空特征及影响因素进行分析。结果显示：2003年以来，我国生产性服务业发展水平综合指数有较大提升，从沿海向内陆阶梯状递减的趋势逐渐增强，并形成沿海向内陆的“中心-外围”结构；空间上表现出在东-西方向上先极化后分散，南-北方向上先分散后极化的演变特征；城市间生产性服务业存在较强的正相关性，虽强度有所减弱但仍非常显著。影响因素结果显示：服务生产率、开放程度、城市化率、产权结构、知识资本密度对城市生产性服务业水平提高产生正向影响，而工业化程度对其产生抑制作用，挤出效应明显。     

交通区位演化与空间开发强度的时空协同关系及其弹性识别——重庆市案例实证研究

交通区位条件是反映区域发展潜力的重要指标,分析其与空间开发强度之间的时空协同关系对揭示区域发展的动力机制具有重要启示意义。以重庆市为例,通过指数建模、回归拟合及弹性系数等方法,揭示其间互动关系。研究发现：①研究区交通区位指数处于快速跃升阶段,区域差距有所缩小,空间集聚格局基本稳定;②空间开发强度指数数值整体偏低,增速差异较大,空间集聚格局呈单集聚中心向多集聚中心演进趋势;③不同类型的交通区位指数（内部、外部和综合）与空间开发强度指数均呈显著正相关,且关联性表现出不同状态;④交通区位演化与空间开发强度互动敏感程度较高,各弹性系数空间集聚格局基本一致,但其形成机理差异较大。     

韧性概念演变与区域经济韧性研究进展

区域经济韧性试图解释当冲击发生时为何部分区域能够适应恢复,实现区域经济的持续发展,而有的区域不能摆脱冲击影响,步入经济衰退轨迹。本文通过对国内外相关文献的梳理,总结了工程韧性、生态韧性和演化韧性的概念演变以及从均衡论观点到演化观点的转向,据此重新定义了区域经济韧性的概念内涵,认为区域经济韧性是系统面对冲击时,抵抗冲击影响避免脱离发展轨迹或通过适应恢复实现经济持续发展的能力,是一个不断演化的过程。探讨了区域经济韧性研究的三个理论分析方法,对关于区域经济韧性的测度和影响因素的实证研究进行了评述,强调亟需加强韧性理论研究,界定清晰概念内涵,同时加强区域经济韧性定量本土化研究,将区域经济韧性理论应用到我国老工业基地等经济衰退地区的经济振兴与转型问题中,以期对区域经济发展提供科学参考。     

Sustainable management of metallurgical forest on Mont Lozère (France) during the Early Middle Ages

Mont Lozère, located in the French Massif Central region, provides an exceptional context in which to research the impact that charcoal production and metallurgy had on woodlands, along with the role that these activities played in changing the mountain landscape. This study provides an insight into the land use, forest management methods and metallurgical practices in the area during the Middle Ages (11th to 15th centuries). Medieval charcoal burning platforms, archaeological remains that have often been neglected in the past as a source of historical information, along with nearby smelting sites, were identified, sampled and analysed. In this paper, spatial analyses, radiocarbon dating and anthracological and dendro-anthracological studies have been combined in a unique manner. The results reveal that charcoal burners practiced beech coppicing, where the species and diameter of wood used remained the same over a period of four centuries. It is proposed that this form of metallurgical forest management be considered an early example of a sustainable utilisation of natural resources.     

同光年间州县官选任制度的嬗变

同治光绪年间,由于捐纳、保举的扩张,州县候选人员激增,流品混杂。与此同时,各省督抚选用州县官常常不拘文法,突破成例。在上述背景下,清廷力图从多方面进行整顿,但多不能行。这一时期州县官选任制度的变化虽然只是在旧制基础上的渐变,然而这些问题却成为清末新政时期铨选制度改革的内在动因。     

青海历史文化的产生及演变

准确的文化定位,对于一个地区文化历史渊源的追溯、文化内涵的发掘具有重要的意义。作者通过对西羌文化在青海大地上的发展历程的论述,认为西羌文化更能反映青海文化的产生以及在相当长历史时期内发展演变的情况。     

两晋南北朝涪陵郡置废、州属、领县杂考

古今沿革地理著述中,对两晋南北朝时期涪陵郡的置废、州属、领县等情况的记述,多有不实之处。实际情况是,西晋后期涪陵郡已由梁州还属益州,至南齐时仍属益州。涪陵郡在成汉前期仍由晋朝控制,在成汉后期成为争战之地,建置难以持久,最后被少数民族首领控制。东晋平定成汉后,在巴郡枳县设涪陵郡,属于侨郡,但不久恢复了实郡,以后各朝仍置涪陵郡。晋、宋涪陵郡的领县数目难以确认,但涪陵县及其以北的汉葭、汉平县当为其辖县。梁朝时,当地少数民族又脱离朝廷控制,梁至北周涪陵郡仅领汉平一县。涪陵郡曾寄治于巴郡枳县,但枳县始终都属于巴郡,而不曾为涪陵郡属县。     

On the correlation between the formation of the “Maowusu Desert” and land use in Liuhu sub-prefecture in the Tang dynasty

The historical changes of the “Maowusu Desert” can be divided into three phases: the late Tang dynasty phase, the Song-Yuan-Ming dynasty phase, and the late Ming dynasty to the present phase. Different parts of the desert were formed in different times, with the northwestern part being the earliest to form. As all evidence shows, the Maowusu Desert in its early stage is believed to have taken shape largely around the ancient site of the You state during the years of Tianbao in the Tang dynasty, which is nowadays the eastern half of the Etuoke banner and Prior-Etuoke banner. The formation of the initial Maowusu Desert is not attributed to the so-called over-cultivation from farming but to the long-time exceedingly quartered husbandry starting from the 4th year of the Zhenguan to the years of Tianbao in the Tang dynasty, which resulted in the destruction of the ecology of the natural grassland. __________ Translated from: Shaanxi Shifan Daxue Xuebao 陕西师范大学学报 (Shaanxi Normal University Journal), No.3, 2004     

传统农区城乡体系空间结构演变及其形成机制研究——以河南省周口市为例

以传统农区周口市为研究对象，利用聚落斑块面积和相关社会经济指标，探讨了周口市城乡体系空间结构演变规律与作用机制。研究发现，周口市城乡体系空间结构演变呈现低端均衡结构（1973年）-点轴结构（1990年）-中心外围结构（2000年）-圈层结构（2015年）的演进过程，每种结构对城乡要素流动的方向和作用各不相同，从而使城乡体系的空间结构各不相同。交通导向机制是影响城乡体系空间结构演变的早期主导因素，促进城镇体系空间结构不断拓展，并带动乡村体系空间结构不断更迭；特色产业是影响城乡体系空间结构的新机制，助推城乡体系空间结构进一步完善；政府作用机制有效地引导城乡体系空间拓展方向，推动城乡空间格局结构性地演变。     

The Lower Paleolithic of the Arabian Peninsula: Occupations,Adaptations, and Dispersals

To understand major processes of human evolution during the Plio- Pleistocene, it is necessary to consider the available evidence from key regions of the Old World. The Arabian peninsula is often depicted as a key geographic route for hominin dispersals in Out of Africa models, although the available primary evidence is rarely cited. And yet, significant Lower Paleolithic assemblages have been identified in many parts of the peninsula, including in areas near the Strait of Bab al Mandab. The presence of Oldowan-like and Acheulean assemblages may reflect at least two major dispersals outside of Africa. Acheulean localities are particularly abundant on the Arabian peninsula, and variations in stone tool manufacturing techniques and tool-type frequencies may reflect temporal changes in assemblages. Although there is good potential to chronometrically date sites in the Arabian peninsula, absolute dating methods have not been adequately applied, most temporal reconstructions relying on typotechnological change. If the Arabian peninsula is to provide solid evidence for understanding hominin adaptation and dispersal patterns, future fieldwork in secure depositional contexts needs to be conducted to overcome current limits in dating and environmental reconstructions.