有机-无机杂化物在铁质文物保护中的应用研究

常用的铁质文物表面保护材料性能尚需完善,其与材料科学发展的关系甚密。有机-无机杂化物是材料学领域的新兴产物,它能将有机物和无机物的性能融为一体或赋予其新的性能。本工作根据溶胶-凝胶法的基本原理制备出一种有机广无机杂化物MT,经过盐雾加速腐蚀测试、电化学测试等大量模拟、对比实验,证明该文物保护剂能够有效减缓铁质文物的腐蚀,并解释了其封护保护原理。     

The Spatial Organisation of Women's Soccer in Adelaide: Another Tale of Spatial Inequality?

Although sport is considered an important component of Australian society and a precious vehicle of social interaction, sports geography remains in many ways a neglected field of investigation. Nevertheless, geographical studies of sports can add valuable insights to more acknowledged geographical discourses. They can also contribute to regional sporting success. This paper analyses the current spatial organisation of women's soccer in Adelaide and outlines the unequal spatial expression of its recent professionally‐oriented approach, the achievement phase. A significant proportion of Adelaide's female population experiences limited opportunity to participate fully in the sport. The sport therefore fails to maximise its human resources and its spatial organisation constitutes a limit to the competitiveness of South Australian women's soccer as a system. The paper uses the concept of social capital to explore the unequal engagement of four sub‐regions in women's soccer. Many of the areas experiencing relative exclusion from women's soccer are the same ones that suffer the most from disengagement from the global economy. In those areas, socio‐economic disadvantage is matched by limited opportunities for self‐fulfilment through sport, and the effectiveness of social networks is weaker. This work aims to provide information for South Australian women's soccer institutions to foster enhanced equity in terms of access to the sport in metropolitan Adelaide. It also provides a base from which to investigate the reasons behind sub‐regional differences in the ability to produce quality players, knowledge that, if applied to these less productive areas, may contribute to the general enhancement of overall sporting outcomes.     

Spatial inequality in children's schooling in Gansu,Western China: reality and challenges

China has experienced considerable economic growth following the economic reforms of 1978, while simultaneously facing dramatic increases in regional inequality. China is becoming a polarized society—a phenomenon that is at the heart of a multitude of serious problems that are threatening sustainable development, as well as social cohesion within the country. Among the key reasons for this polarization are the quality of and accessibility to basic education for children. Since the establishment of the law for nine‐year compulsory education in 1986, children's education has progressed remarkably in most parts of China. It has, however, remained persistently problematic in the western provinces, particularly in remote regions, rural areas and minority communities. Even though some studies on child education in China have been carried out, very little existing research examines spatial inequality in children's schooling or accounts for the importance of sociocultural and geographic contexts. Using the example of Gansu, one of the poorest provinces in Western China, our research emphasizes the two main aspects that have led to high nonschooling rates for children: an unfavourable sociocultural milieu and inadequate educational resources.     

旅游地间生态关系分析

旅游地虽然不是生命体,但具有许多生命体的基本特征,将旅游地作为一种特殊的生命体,从生态学的视角来观察,研究旅游地的空间关系,是本的基本思路,本首先从旅游地的生存与发展出发,借用生态学的种群间关系理论,深入分析了旅游地之间的生存与发展关系,确立了旅游地空间关系的基本类型及各类型的基本特征,在此基础上,得出了旅游地空间生存关系各基本类型之间可以相互转化这一主要结论;最后,指出了本研究在旅游资源评价与开发,区域旅游规划和旅游发展战略研究中的实践意义。     

Assessment of Relationships Between Precipitation and Satellite Derived Vegetation Condition Within South Australia

The normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) has evolved as a primary tool for monitoring continental‐scale vegetation changes and interpreting the impact of short to long‐term climatic events on the biosphere. The objective of this research was to assess the nature of relationships between precipitation and vegetation condition, as measured by the satellite‐derived NDVI within South Australia. The correlation, timing and magnitude of the NDVI response to precipitation were examined for different vegetation formations within the State (forest, scrubland, shrubland, woodland and grassland). Results from this study indicate that there are strong relationships between precipitation and NDVI both spatially and temporally within South Australia. Differences in the timing of the NDVI response to precipitation were evident among the five vegetation formations. The most significant relationship between rainfall and NDVI was within the forest formation. Negative correlations between NDVI and precipitation events indicated that vegetation green‐up is a result of seasonal patterns in precipitation. Spatial patterns in the average NDVI over the study period closely resembled the boundaries of the five classified vegetation formations within South Australia. Spatial variability within the NDVI data set over the study period differed greatly between and within the vegetation formations examined depending on the location within the state. ACRONYMS AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer ENVSAEnvironments of South Australia EOS Terra‐Earth Observing System EVIEnhanced Vegetation Index MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro‐radiometer MVC Maximum Value Composite NDVINormalised Difference Vegetation Index NIRNear Infra‐Red NOAANational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration SPOT Systeme Pour l’Observation de la Terre     

粗糙集理论（RST）及其在古陶瓷分类上应用的初探

为了获得古陶瓷器的产地和制造年代的信息,需要应用科学分析方法对古陶瓷器的化学组成数据进行归纳、分类。本文介绍了粗糙集理论(RST)的一些基本概念,同时给出了用粗糙集方法建立古陶瓷分类模型的基本步骤和对古陶瓷器化学组成数据的处理方法,通过对瓷器产地、时代判别的应用举例,表明用该方法对古陶瓷分类研究的效果能达到预期目的,回代检验分析结果正确率为100％。     

基于区位和商品类型的居民购物过程分解比较——以南京为例

网络购物影响下的购物行为变革一直是国外交通统计学和地理学领域研究的热点。已有的研究,几乎都将购物看作一个整体行为,很少从购物过程分解的角度对居民购物行为的改变进行分析。本文以南京为例,以分解购物过程为切入点,通过区分不同区位、不同商品类型来研究网络购物对居民购物行为的影响,得出3点主要结论：①居民倾向于只通过网络或实体店完成所有购物活动;②网络购物对实体店购买搜索型商品存在替代与补充的混合效应,对实体店购买体验型商品仅存在替代作用,且替代作用在城区比郊区显著;③网络购物会产生搜索、体验和退换货出行,且网购体验型商品产生的额外出行比搜索型商品多,在郊区产生的额外出行比城区多。     

高铁对中国城市可达性和区域经济空间格局的影响

从沿线城市加权平均旅行时间和中心城市“小时经济圈”两个维度分析高铁开通对中国城市可达性的影响,利用引力模型、区位优势潜力模型、Moran指数等研究高铁开通对区域经济发展空间格局的影响。研究表明：高铁开通显著改善了沿线城市日常可达性;高铁开通后33个沿线城市对中国261个地级市的“加权平均旅行时间”均值降低;东中西三大区域的城市交通发展不平衡性有小幅度改善;北京、武汉“小时经济圈”呈“面状蔓延”模式,上海、广州、西安的“小时经济圈”呈“轴线扩展”模式。高铁开通显著影响中国区域经济发展格局：沿线城市可达性水平提高,城市间经济联系更加密切,二线城市间经济联系强度增长率最高;长三角城市群区位优势最突出,长江中游城市群潜力巨大;高铁带来的扩散效应增强。最后,本文就依托高铁建设推动中国区域经济健康发展展开了进一步的讨论。     

福建省县域经济差异的时空格局演化分析

以人均GDP 作为测度指标,采用传统统计分析与ESDA相结合的方法,从时间、空间以及关联性三个方面对2005-2013 年福建省县域经济差异的时空格局演化进行了分析。研究结果显示：①福建省县域经济的绝对差异波动性增加,相对差异逐年缩小,其中福建省经济差异的最大贡献者是闽东南地区内部差异;②县域经济存在正的空间自相关性,但县域经济集聚性呈波动衰退状态,两级分化现象呈减弱趋势;③较发达县域沿四大交通线路呈“口”字型分布;④欠发达县域在部分省际接壤地区分布较为集中,出现经济落后走廊;⑤县域经济增长对全省区域经济差异的影响表现为收敛;⑥县域经济发展的空间关联效应较强,发展速度相对较快。