陈独秀社会主义思想若干问题之再辨析——兼答马启民、任纪虎先生

马启民、任纪虎先生认为拙作《陈独秀对科学社会主义理论的探索及特点》①在陈独秀关于社会主义的经济制度、社会主义与民主的关系、社会主义需要不断深化改革等三个问题的论述方面,对陈独秀思想予以拔高,不符合陈独秀的本意,提出要与我商榷.其实,这些论述反映了陈独秀的真实思想,也是陈独秀社会主义思想中最具理论意义和现代价值之处.另外,拙作并不存在逻辑上的问题.     

中华人民共和国第一部宪法制定考论

中共中央领导人毛泽东等开始并不想立即制定1954年宪法。受毛泽东委托,刘少奇于1952年10月访苏时就中国暂不制定宪法而由《共同纲领》代替问题请教斯大林。由于斯大林坚持中国应尽快制定宪法,中国遂转而积极制定宪法,并于1954年颁布。1954年宪法的制定工作是认真的。但由于形势的迅速转变等多种原因,宪法的实施却成了问题。     

Guerrilla healthcare innovation: creative resilience in Zimbabwe’s chimurenga, 1971–1980

Abstract

Drawing from the last five years of chimurenga, Zimbabwe’s war of self-liberation from the early 1960s to 1980s, this paper shows that the most important aspect of technology and innovation in Africa is not the technology and innovation itself, but the African spirit of creative resilience born of the specificities of struggles its people have endured. By creative resilience is meant a phenomenon whereby, even where death is the outcome, and where the situation is insurmountable, people do not just surrender to fate, but die fighting. As a site of creative resilience, chimurenga is the ultimate site of creative labor and a vast laboratory, not simply a destination for incoming technologies, or a 'user' space but generative of its own insurgent and counter-insurgent innovations. Focusing on the communal war effort involving guerrillas and ordinary Africans in the rear bases of Mozambique and Zambia and on the front inside Zimbabwe, the paper makes its argument through a focus on healthcare innovation.     

The Evolution of Neoliberal Urbanism in Moscow, 1992–2015

This article examines the urban development of Moscow from 1992 to 2015, arguing that the city's recent transformation from grey asphalt jungle to a “city comfortable for life” is driven by a process of neoliberal restructuring. In particular, the study finds that a set of multi‐scalar dynamics—namely, the global financial crisis, the rise of a local protest movement, and an intensified rivalry between federal and Muscovite elites—were the key driving forces behind Moscow's current evolution. The work advances a conceptual framework of neoliberal urbanisation that enhances the literature on post‐socialist cities and, more generally, the broader debate on actually existing neoliberalism.     

试论社会主义市场经济条件下我国区域经济的发展

我国社会主义市场经济建设是一个空间过程,本文根据社会主义市场经济发展的要求,分析了一些新的区域现象,提出了应重视和解决的问题。     

Governmentality and the Spatialized Discourse of Policy: The Consolidation of the Post-1989 NHS Reforms

There have been few studies of spatialized discourse within contemporary healthcare policy-making. This paper addresses this omission, focusing on the governmental presentation of the little-studied measures that consolidated the post-1989 reforms of the NHS in England and Wales, and culminated in the Health Authorities Act 1995. A short section places these measures in context and outlines their main components. An analysis of key documents and parliamentary exchanges is then used to show how spatialized language was central to the presentation of policy and its debate in parliament. In particular, the paper demonstrates how nuanced conceptions of space- and territorially-led service management provide a flexible basis for presenting notions of power and control. This 'spatio-linguistic strategy' is located theoretically within the concept of governmentality.     

社会主义改造完成后引入市场机制的先声——陈云与1956年农村自由市场的开放

中国的社会主义三大改造是与市场调节机制退出经济运行同步进行的。而市场调节机制从农村经济退出的表现之一就是自由市场的关闭。陈云最早发现了由此产生的严重弊端,并提出了在国家计划市场为主体的前提下,开放农村自由市场。这个设想的付诸实施,也确实活跃了城乡经济。但是自由市场在短缺的条件下,必然会对高积累和农副产品统购统销产生冲击,同时也为农民脱离集体经营和集体经济进而脱离国家计划控制提供了空间。因此,在1957年社会主义教育运动之后自由市场就又被关闭了。尽管如此,这次短暂的探索不仅为后来的改革积累了历史经验,而且使人们认识到如果没有生产环节的变革,仅有流通环节的改革是行不通的。     

DOUBLE TRANSITIONS? REGIONAL PATTERNS OF POPULATION AGEING IN POLAND

The number and geographical distribution of the aged, and how the distribution changes over time, have captured the attention of geographical gerontologists; the complexity and spatially differentiated nature of ageing is of considerable practical and theoretical import. This article seeks to link the traditional concerns of population geography to the social and spatial relations between old people, their health and places of residence and care. It does presuppose, however, that patterns and processes at the sub‐national level are also taken into account. Therefore, the aim of the article is to identify the aged and the localities or regions where they reside, within the particular context of a Polish post‐socialist society that has recently become integrated into the European mainstream. As such it is potentially subject to a double transition, where the political and economic changes cross path with the second demographic transition. To identify interrelationships between ageing and post‐socialist transition, areas vulnerable to ageing are defined using ageing indices. Projections of the share of elderly up to 2030, based on a component cohort method, are made with a view to identifying future change in the spatial patterns of ageing. Regional patterns of ageing are presented in social, political or economic context, to show their relation to the structural changes that societies such as Poland have been passing through during the period of transition to democracy and a market economy or are likely to go through in the near future.     

METROPOLITAN PROCESSES IN POST-COMMUNIST STATES: AN INTRODUCTION

This study introduces a collection of theme issue papers on metropolitan processes in post‐communist states. We first identify and discuss five key significant socialist‐era legacy aspects that continue to mould the course of events in the post‐communist urban scene. These are central planning, land allocation, the second economy, defence considerations, and the implications of the ideological leadership of the communist parties. We then procede to investigate the literature on the unfolding urban geography of post‐communism and the factors underpinning its development, and we place the papers collected in this theme issue into their context.     

The British Left in the Problems of Peace Lectures, 1926–38: Diversity that E.H. Carr Ignored

The proceedings of the Problems of Peace conferences held annually at the League of Nations headquarters in Geneva from 1926 to 1938 included lectures from an array of ideological positions. Some contributors were from the Left, ranging from moderate liberal socialists to the more firmly anti-capitalist thinkers. Those of the latter category presented challenges to the existing international order, holding views that bore some affinities to E.H. Carr's beliefs. They were, however, unlike Carr, committed to liberal-democratic processes as a means to change. Nevertheless, in the turbulent environment of the inter-war years optimism gave way to anxiety among many on the Left. A wider division between the moderate and more radical British democratic socialists emerged. Some thinkers repositioned themselves within the broader Left. These different positions and shifts are evident in the Problems of Peace lectures, and this helps expose the limitations of Carr's binary utopianism/realism division of inter-war international thought. A weakness of the socialists in question is that the demands for change are conventional and thus undeveloped where the real have-not peoples of the empires are concerned. Nevertheless, by ignoring the lectures Carr neglected diversity and innovation in the internationalism of the British inter-war Left.