Critical GIScience in Canada in the new millennium

Critical GIS (CGIS) is an approach to evaluating GIS technology that draws upon multiple intellectual tool kits—from geography, social theory and computing science. While its roots are in the battles between human geographers and GIScientists in the 1990s, CGIS has emerged as an independent, constructive approach to enhancing the power and appeal of GIS. CGIS is also beginning to gain acceptance as a legitimate component of the broad tent that is GIScience. This short article reviews the emergence of CGIS, discusses its influence on the discipline of GIScience and finally explores the state of CGIS in Canada.     

Keeping the Network out of view: Mining,Distinctions and Exclusion in Melanesia

ABSTRACT This paper examines the ‘property effects’ surrounding competition over access to mining benefits in Papua New Guinea. Under conditions of rapid social change engendered by large scale resource extraction, Lihirian islanders have increasingly recalibrated their social networks, manifest through shifting notions of sociality and obligation, and ownership strategies that seek to limit other people's claims to wealth. These local changes are paralleled by larger and more paradoxical processes: although the state uses the mining project to consolidate itself, Lihirians have consistently challenged the state through their attempts to appropriate the mine for their own ends. By keeping the multiple layers of their social networks out of view, Lihirians deny the connections that can provide others with access to benefits. In considering the strategic responses to the inequalities, discontents and inconsistencies of life in modern Papua New Guinea, it becomes apparent that questions of property are simultaneously questions about identity and belonging.     

Folk beliefs,special deposits,and engagement with the environment in early modern northern Finland

It is widely recognized that folk beliefs flourished in early modern Finland which had formally been Christianized for centuries. These folk beliefs seem to propose, in the modern view, that people in the past believed in the existence of non-human beings, such as trolls and spirits, and considered a variety of material things from artefacts to landscape elements to have special properties, such as agency, consciousness, and personality. Folk beliefs, however, may have been misrepresented due to the assumption that they originate in religious-like thinking. This paper reconsiders the nature of folk beliefs, their relationship with religion, and their significance to archaeological interpretation both theoretically and through a case study. It is argued that folk beliefs in early modern northern Finland – and in other similar contexts – can be understood in terms of local perception and engagement with the material world. Folk beliefs, in this view, were embedded in the dynamics of everyday life, and they are, at least in the specific case discussed in this paper, indicative of two-way relatedness between people and various constituents of the material world. The archaeological implications of this view are discussed in the context of the 17th-century town of Tornio on the northern Gulf of Bothnia.     

英语霸权的历史演变——国际关系视角下的语言问题

英语霸权是一种民族国家的语言霸权形式。英美民族国家霸权的历史进程不仅确立了英语在全球国际体系中的霸权地位,而且决定了英语霸权内涵的演变——这是一个从地理平台语言霸权到制度语言霸权,再到软权力语言霸权不断深化的过程。从国际关系的视角来看,语言霸权是文化霸权的核心,其霸道的本质毋庸置疑;英语霸权目前在全球导致了新的社会不平等。对于"平等"的关注和反应,是英语霸权在未来岁月里所面对的最重要的议程。     

邓小平社会公正理论初探

社会公正是关系到当代中国社会发展的重大课题。邓小平作为我国改革开放的总设计师,对社会公正问题从事关社会发展全局的高度作出了深入思考与精辟论述。在当前构建社会主义和谐社会的进程中,认真研究和深刻把握邓小平关于社会公正的思想,具有极其重大的理论价值和实践意义。     

新型农村合作医疗制度中的社会性别盲点及其影响

新型农村合作医疗制度的实施,结束了占全国总人口63％的农村居民缺乏医疗保障的历史,为促进社会和谐奠定了坚实的基础。然而作为一项公共政策,新型农村合作医疗制度在性别方面似乎存在不公平现象。本文在实地调查的基础上对其表现及其产生的影响进行分析和探讨。     

西欧骑士制度的社会影响

骑士制度是西欧中世纪社会的重要内容,它对中世纪社会的经济、政治、军事、生活方式、思想文化等都产生了深刻影响。由于它的存在,西欧中世纪社会具有许多与之相关的特征。     

改革开放与中国外交

1978年,在邓小平的倡导下,党的工作重心转向以经济建设为中心,开始注重借鉴发达国家发展经验,由此形成改革开放的战略思路,并在深圳、珠海、汕头、厦门打开对外开放的突破口。1988年4月,海南经济特区建立。1992年,开发浦东的战略开始实施。2006年天津滨海新区作为国家级经济新区正式进入实施阶段。改革开放的深入进行加快了中国同世界潮流融合的速度,中国同外部世界的关系越来越紧密,共同利益基础越来越坚实。面对国际风云变幻,中国坚持走和平发展道路,奉行互利共赢的开放战略,走有中国特色的富民强国之路,在改革开放中与国际社会互相合作、共同发展。中国的和平发展将为国际社会提供一种全新的发展模式,具有巨大启迪意义。     

60年建构与改革:渐行渐近的农村社会保障制度

新中国成立初期,国家在为城镇职工提供较为完备的社会保险项目的同时,在农村构建起了以集体经济为基础、以集体保障为主体的复合型社会保障制度。此后,中国农村社会保障制度在其变迁过程中呈现出路径依赖的惯性特征。60年的建构与改革,中国农村社会保障制度渐行渐近,逐步建立了独立于"生产系统"之外的社会化的保障制度,并不断趋向城乡一体化社会保障的目标模武。     

1960年驻黑龙江省苏联专家撤走后几个相关问题的探讨

1960年在华苏联专家撤走后,根据中央指示,黑龙江省积极完成了各项善后工作,为1949年以来的苏联专家工作画上了圆满句号。与此同时,各原聘用工厂自力更生、发愤图强,生产和技术更新均取得重大突破,并未因苏联撤走专家造成严重的经济困难和生产下降。另外,为了避免摩擦和事态扩大,中方在再次聘请苏联专家和边境问题上表现出了极大的谨慎和严格自律。