Leroi-Gourhan, a Philosopher of Technique and Evolution

With the publication of two volumes on technology—L'Homme et la matière and Milieu et technique in 1943–45, and Le geste et la parole (translated into English in 1993 as Gesture and Speech)—-Leroi-Gourhan asserted himself as a major social anthropologist, prehistorian, and the founder of the French schools of the ethnology of technique and of prehistoric ethnology. This paper analyzes the innovative concepts and the content of these original works, which draw their inspiration and data from biology, physiology, psychology, anthropology, and prehistory to study evolution, and technique as its medium, to create a global science of humanity.     

Coastal Livelihood Transitions: Socio‐Economic Consequences of Changing Mangrove Forest Management and Land Allocation in a Commune of Central Vietnam

This paper reviews the evolution of land use and mangrove forest management in a coastal commune in Central Vietnam from its early period of environmentally sound management under a common property regime, through State and cooperative management, to individual household allocation under the economic reforms of the 1990s. It analyses in particular the introduction of shrimp culture and its environmental and socioeconomic consequences. The case study demonstrates that, while opening up many economic opportunities, Vietnam's economic reforms have had uneven impacts on income inequality. Like many cases in Asia and Latin America, the disruption of common property resources – through the introduction of aquaculture as a livelihood opportunity and producer of an export crop – leaves farmers indebted and natural resources polluted. But, ironically, it was the financially better‐off aquaculture farmers, who had more capacity for risk‐taking and investing, who ended up most indebted, in comparison with poorer farmers who had already sold their ponds. The latter were less integrated into the market economy and relied more on marine product collection. This paper suggests that attention to local contexts and histories can contribute to a better understanding of the causes and consequences of environment‐poverty interfaces.     

基于地域性认同的土地利用规划模式反思

传统封闭式"自上而下"土地利用规划模式在包容社会主体的土地利用需求矛盾、协调土地利用对人地关系的复杂影响、统筹区域多元增长目标等方面存在不足。地域性认同理论及相关研究成果,可为创新国内土地利用规划模式提供借鉴。本文以社会建构论为切入点,在剖析封闭式、公开式等两种主要土地利用规划模式的基础上,将以社会建构为核心的地域性认同理论融入我国现有土地利用规划体系,构建基于地域性认同的土地利用规划模式,以提升土地利用规划的过程和结果质量。     

Advances in Ceramic Ethnoarchaeology

Ceramic ethnoarchaeology has developed considerably since Kramer's (Kramer, 1985, Annual Review of Anthropology 14: 77–102) review. More sophisticated readings of social theory and analyses that consider multiple variables and levels of variability have led to better understandings of social boundaries. Perceptions of ceramic change are becoming increasingly sophisticated, thanks to more long-term projects as well as research that takes advantage of new opportunities, including historic collections and nontraditional settings. The newly developing ethnoarchaeology is contributing to general anthropological understandings of material culture and society.     

Materializing Identities: An African Perspective

Archaeological approaches to social boundaries are currently emphasizing the dynamic nature of processes thought which individuals construct, maintain, and negotiate their identity. Although the integration of such concepts has led to a more accurate reconstruction of past social boundaries, it has also revealed a need for more sophisticated ways of interpreting material culture. This paper is a step in that direction. Focusing on pottery chaînes opératoires and addressing questions about the salience and scale of particular behaviors, I seek to develop general propositions regarding the relationships between technological styles and aspects of social identity. To that end, I compare African pottery techniques at a subcontinental level and see whether there are recurrent patterns in their distribution and whether these can be related to specific social boundaries or historical processes of group formation.     

社会资本与构建社会主义和谐社会的关系

政策和社会资本是良好社会运行不可或缺的两个层面,社会治理除了要充分发挥政府政策的功能外,社会资本的有效运作也是必不可少的方面.文章分析了社会资本与社会发展效率、社会公平和社会秩序三个层面的关系,论述了合理、有效地运用社会资本对现阶段我国和谐社会建设的重要意义.     

晚明个性化书法风格形成的因素及审美特质

在晚明黑暗的政治、高度发达的封建经济与资本主义生产萌芽的双重影响下,由于长期的人性压抑使人向往自由与解脱。王阳明“心学”思想的出现,直接影响了以李贽、汤显祖与公安三袁为代表的重个性解放的浪漫主义的文艺思潮,与晚明个性化书法风格作者的人生经历与生活历程相结合,形成了独特的主观艺术思维,从嘉靖开始,出现了尚个性、尚表现、重情感的个性化书法风格,并形成了拙朴、厚重、古雅、姿媚等审美特质。     

马布利和龚自珍社会思想比较研究

马布利与龚自珍分别是法国和中国社会变革时代的启蒙思想家,他们都关注社会问题,都是先入官场而后隐居著书的。他们关于解决社会矛盾的诸多论述,对于法国的空想社会主义和中国晚清的思想解放,都分别产生了重大影响。比较二者的社会思想,有助于我们认清法国和中国在重大社会变革前夕的思想发展轨迹。     

和谐语境下的利益分化与社会整合

我国正在从一个利益相对均衡的社会步入一个利益分化比较严重的社会。严重的利益分化已经对经济、社会发展造成了不利影响,成为制约社会主义和谐社会建设的一个重要因素。为此,必须加强社会整合,通过强化中国共产党的社会整合功能、发挥中间组织的社会整合作用、建立一套科学的社会整合机制,为社会主义和谐社会建设奠定坚实的基础。     

从异地空间到异质空间——90后中国女性旅游者身体的自我建构

旅游作为休闲活动为空间中的身体实践提供了特定情境,且伴随技术迭代,旅游者可“置身”于地理实体空间与数字虚拟空间。本文选取90后中国女性为研究对象,探究其身体于旅游异地空间和虚拟异质空间中的自我建构;采用深度访谈法并对访谈文本进行扎根理论分析,研究发现：①90后女性具身化模型由内外两个维度构成,身体唤醒、身体建构等构成内部维度,场域空间、自他认知等构成外部维度;②尽管90后女性逐步唤起身体的自我意识,打破女性身体在消费主义影响下产生的“商品化”“神话化”现象,但其身体仍受到日常审美标准与他者监视的压迫。