Feeling,caring, measuring,knowing: the relational co-construction of parenting knowledges

Parenting practices, including the maintenance of a child with a healthy body weight are subject to normative and institutional regulation. This paper explores the specific practices of parenting in line with this regulation in relation to the creation and maintenance of knowledge, focussing on how parents come to know their child as healthy. Drawing on examples in which parents discussed their experiences of parenting in light of their understandings of ‘obesity’, these illustrate differentially constituted parenting ontologies which challenge the idea of a singular correct way to parent. This paper foregrounds the ways in which embodied knowledge may be constituted and enacted not only in and of a parent's own body but also through, alongside, and together with, the bodies of their child(ren). This is not to move away from embodied knowledge that centres on the self, but to highlight the relational and co-constitutive characteristics of embodied knowledges that arise through parenting.     

Size and form in the analysis of flake debris: Review and recent approaches

Flake debris — the by-product of lithic reduction — is abundant, not subject to uncontrolled collection, and sometimes culturally diagnostic. Its greatest virtue, however, is in registering the kinds and amounts of toolmaking and tool-using behavior that curated tools themselves may not. Most debris studies emphasize formal dimensions, yet even the best approaches assume rather than demonstrate a relationship between behavior and formal variation. Moreover, the diversity of formal typologies hinders interassemblage comparison. Progress in debris analysis has two prerequisites: (1) a minimum attribute set for individual flakes and (2) the combination of formal and continuous approaches to variation. Preliminary study suggests that Ahler's mass-analysis model and log skew Laplace functions hold particular promise for behavioral interpretation from debris assemblages.     

Skeletal element abundances in archaeofaunal assemblages: economic utility,sample size,and assessment of carcass transport strategies

Economic utility indices provide a means of interpreting butchery and transport decisions reflected in the relative abundance of skeletal elements. Because of destructive taphonomic processes, interpreting skeletal element abundances in terms of carcass transport strategies requires that faunal analysts consider only those elements which accurately reflect their original abundances following human discard. In this study we use resampling techniques to examine the impact of sample size on correlations between high-survival skeletal element frequencies and economic utility in four simulated population assemblages reflecting distinct carcass transport strategies. Correlations alone do not accurately reflect the true relationship between bone abundance and economic utility as particular transport strategies have a tendency to generate high frequencies of Type II errors as sample size decreases. We show that the Shannon evenness index can be used as a quantitative means of distinguishing between bone assemblages characterized by subtle variations in skeletal element abundances. The evenness index can also be used to evaluate whether observed correlations reflect sampling error. Results from our simulations are applied to three published faunal assemblages to evaluate likely carcass transport strategies.     

‘You’re not big,you’re just in Asia’: Expatriate embodiment and emotional experiences of size in Singapore§

This article brings together work on privileged migration with critical geographical work on body size. In uniting these areas together I focus on the role of embodiment within expatriate experiences of migration to Singapore. I argue that despite a developing body of critical work on migration, this work has failed to explore embodied experiences of size. To counter this gap, this research demonstrates the importance of recognising how sized narratives and experiences are shaped through gendered migration and the need to explore the multiplicity of experiences of women in different places of the city. Drawing upon empirical research with expatriate women in Singapore I advance work within critical geographies of body size by presenting original work that challenges dominant and medicalised understandings of fatness as inherently bad. Furthermore, I contribute to the growing area of work that places emphasis on the subjective nature of size through recognition of work on migration. In this article, I explore how migration was embodied and discussed through size, firstly by looking at how women discussed losing their sense of identity. Secondly, the temporal and spatial embeddedness of size. Finally, how women rejected and resisted dominant discourses through humour and indifference.     

东北地区城市规模分布的分形特征

本文借助Zipf公式考察了东北地区(1994)城市规模分布的分形几何特征,发现辽宁省城市规模分布具有双分形结构,吉林省城市规模分布具有单分形结构,而黑龙江省城市规模分布则具有局部分形结构,整个东北地区的城市规模分布呈现局部分形图式,但显示出双分形迹象。文章得出了一些重要的理论结论,并为东北三省的城市体系等级结构优化提出了若干建议。     

城市规模分布模型的应用——以珠江三角洲城市群为例

城市规模分布定量研究是城市规划中的一项基础性研究工作,它对于准确地预测城市人口规模以及合理地确定城镇体系结构具有非常重要的意义。本文应用城市首位律、位序-规模律、基尼模型对珠江三角洲城市群的城市规模分布及其变化特征进行了实证分析,同时指出了应用这些模型过程中应注意的若干问题,包括模型的运用范围、理想值、相关性、城市规模基础指标的选取等等。该研究旨在解决我国城市规模分布定量研究中的一些问题与困扰,以期能为城市规划实践提供一定的借鉴。     

经济转型期中原城市群地区城镇规模结构演变分析

经济转型期中原城市群地区的城镇规模结构发生了深刻的变化。利用1985年与2003年的人口规模数据,分别对该区进行城镇规模级别结构演变分析、位序-规模分布分析以及规模结构演变数量分析,初步探讨经济转型期中原城市群地区.城镇规模结构的分布状况和演变特征,指出存在的问题,并提出相应的对策。     

The effects of sample size on some derived measures in vertebrate faunal analysis

Analysis of three kinds of measures derived from archaeological and palaeontological faunal collections (measures of relative taxonomic abundance, measures of taxonomic diversity, and a measure proposed to distinguish natural from cultural bone) demonstrates that in many instances such measures may be, or are, a function of sample size. A procedure for detecting this situation is suggested, and the source of the interrelationships discussed.     

Soil mark studies near Winchester,Hampshire

The fate of artifacts incorporated into the ploughsoil as a result of plough damage is considered in terms of two soil mark sites near Winchester, Hampshire. Ploughsoil and subsoil analyses indicate that dispersal of soil material, as a result of ploughing, is limited at the present time and under mould board ploughing techniques. The origin of soil marks underlain only by bedrock is also considered and evidence indicates that such soil marks may appear as groundsurface expressions of ditches which have been removed by plough damage where dispersal of ploughsoil is minimal. Such soil marks may be only short lived if plough depth continues to increase.     

环南海国家及地区人口城市化特征与空间格局演变

环南海国家及地区既是海上丝绸之路建设发展的重要地带枢纽,也是进行国际合作的重要平台,由于区域内自然条件、社会经济基础和城市发展阶段等存在不同,其内部城市化过程与城市体系格局存在较大差异。本文基于1960—2020年环南海地区国家和主要城市层面等多尺度的人口数据,利用城市首位度指数与城市空间基尼系数两个指标,结合核密度等空间分析方法,对环南海国家及地区的人口城市化与空间格局的时空演化特征进行实证研究。研究表明：第一,环南海国家及地区大部分进入城市化发展后期,但区域内部城市化发展出现较大差异,越南、柬埔寨的城市化落后于其他国家（地区）;第二,区域内城市体系空间结构以强单中心结构为主,双（多）中心结构的国家及地区较少,城市体系内部发展不平衡,城市规模分布以首位分布居多;第三,主要城市人口空间集聚现象显著,且还有进一步集聚发展的倾向。本研究揭示了环南海国家及地区的城市发展过程和分布规律,对推进“21世纪海上丝绸之路”南海航线建设和中国—东盟自由贸易区建设具有重要的科学意义。