清代徽州传统学术文化中心地类型分析

学术文化中心地是指有具体地理位置、存在一定时间、对周边地区产生一定影响的学术文化聚散地.清代徽州传统学术文化中心地包括三种不同层次的类型,即第一类型紫阳书院、不疏园所在地,第二类型府、县学所在地,第三类型其它书院所在地.它们在存在时间、人才凝聚力和学术影响力等方面,有明显的差异.三类中心地共同构成了徽州传统学术文化中心地的层级网络,该网络具有每一层级的中心地数量,从最高层级往下依次递增;而每个中心地的影响力,则由最高层级往下依次递减的基本特征.就徽州传统学术文化中心地空间分布而言,它具有广泛性、差异性以及分布格局的时代性等特征.     

The condition of ‘Cosmo-housewives’: leisure shopping,the mainstream and its ambiguities

‘Leisure shopping’ is a particular kind of shopping activity that is devoted mainly to fashion clothes and accessories. Women are commonly represented as the main leisure shoppers, and consequently, they tend to be at the centre of shopping centres' mainstream discourses. This article argues that interpretations of representations of ‘leisure shopping’ and the corresponding practice have too often ignored the daily and seemingly ‘banal’ experiences of the social actors involved. The primary purpose of this article is to show how gender roles are performed and reified in high-end factory outlet villages in Italy. It adopts a cross-sectional approach to ‘leisure shopping’ that includes an analysis of the ‘languages’ of two Italian high-end factory outlet villages, the ‘social space’ represented by the same sites and the ‘stories’ about a few ideal-typical female shopping experiences. These aspects are situated in the Italian cultural and political context at the time the research was conducted. Very different demands – such as sensuality, efficiency and motherly care – are put on women in Italy, as well as in the majority of Western societies. The analysis reveals that through their practice of browsing in a high-end factory outlet village, women often reproduce stereotypes while simultaneously trying – though ambiguously – to challenge them.     

“理想的家就是普通的家”——上海流动儿童地方感的实证分析

流动儿童正在成为一个重要的研究主题和现实话题,但对其地方感学界缺乏关注。本文以上海市主要服务流动儿童的X社区儿童服务中心为例,综合运用感知地图、深度访谈和参与式观察等质性研究方法,探究流动儿童地方感的特征与形成机制。流动儿童地方感存在社区与上海、市区与郊区和对地方的态度三个维度的差异;流动儿童对家的认知包括认同、迷失和流动三种,流动儿童地方感是基于亲人、朋友和其他社会网络所建立的,涉及多地方的,不断发展变化的积极地方感;流动儿童地方感的形成受到社会环境和自然环境的共同影响,受政府权力影响的X中心、家庭和学校,以及智能设备和自然环境是五个直接影响流动儿童地方感的因素,流动儿童的主观能动性也会重塑其地方感。从地理视角研究流动儿童具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。     

Archaeological Interpretation of the Continuity of Chinese Civilization over Five Thousand Years

Chinese civilization has unique characteristics in the world civilization history. Its most prominent characteristic is the continuity of the “5,000-year” civilization. Over 5,000 years ago, different civilizations appeared in different regions of China and the civilizations mainly included their different early-stage theocracy and reign modes. Among these civilizations, the civilization that was handed on from generation to generation was the states with a reign mode that originated in the Longshan culture of Central China and its successors such as the Xia Dynasty, the Shang Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty, the Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty. This can be illustrated by the 5,000-year continuous inheritance of the country, people, and territory of China, proved by the 5,000-year inheritance and development of capitals, royal tombs, ritual and ceremonial buildings and vessels, and characters as the national culture (or major tradition) and resurrected by the capital’s centralization,“OneGate Three-Passage” pattern,“centralization of the main hall of the court” and the“Left Ancestral Temple and Right Altar” pattern, and the central axis of the capital, the four doors on four sides of the capital and court, etc. as the materialized forms of the core ideas of center and moderation. These materialized forms of the unbroken civilization became more and more in the past 5,000 years, which indicates that the ideas of center and moderation became stronger and stronger and were constantly deepened. The ideological roots of the 5,000-year unbroken Chinese civilization are the ideas of center and moderation, which are the ideological basis for the state identity and the core value of the Chinese national history.     

《中国历史地图集》清代“云南”图顺宁、 永昌府界及蒗蕖、南甸土司治所新考四则

通过文献考证和实地调查,发现《中国历史地图集·清时期》“云南”图中,永昌、顺宁、景东府级界线和蒗蕖土州(舍)、南甸宣抚司治地等绘制有误,需作修正。     

Paria la Viexa and an expanding empire: Provincial centers in the political economy of the Inka Empire (a.d. 1440–1532)

Abstract

The fastest growing and largest territorial empire of the Americas was the Inka Empire. At the time of its emergence in the 14th century, the empire lacked an urban network, a developed division of labor, a sophisticated craft industry, and an exchange network like that of most pre-industrial states. The emerging Inka state had to create the social and economic institutions that would ensure its growth and long-term operation. Data from Paria la Viexa, an Inka provincial center in Bolivia, illustrates how the Inka Empire created the necessary conditions for its expansion and operation through a network of provincial centers it had called to life.     

民营超市购物选择行为影响因素的模型构建与实证研究——以福州市为例

超市是购物休闲的重要场所,探究消费者购物选择行为对超市经营发展有重要作用。该研究以永辉民营连锁超市为载体,采用结构方程模型构建社区居民购物选择行为影响因素与选择行为结果之间数量关系的计量量表。研究表明:(1)福州民营超市消赞者选择行为结果受到多重因素的综合影响;(2)商品退换保证成为民营超市管理环节的重要组成部分;(3)交通便捷程度是购物行为的主要制约四素;(4)网络传媒和朋友推荐是重要的购物信息来源。该研究建立存商业地理学和行为地理学基础上,为民营企业经营决策提供科学依据。     

大型购物中心与幼童母亲的多重身份建构——女性主义、家庭化、公共与私人空间的超越

大型购物中心成为研究现代都市女性身份与社会、空间关系的三棱镜。本文聚焦于"幼童母亲"这一群体,探究其身份认同与购物中心的相互建构过程。通过南京市虹悦城购物中心的研究发现,幼童母亲在购物中心内建立起了多种身份认同,并在身份认同驱使下形成多重实践。这一过程使得幼童母亲在购物空间中突破了传统的公共空间与私人空间的二元划分,借助私密空间的综合性和社会化实现了女性自我个性的释放,实现了社会性别空间的重新定义,同时也重新定义和建构了大型购物中心这一现代都市消费空间。     

Wissenstransfer durch Zentrenbildung. Physikalische Methoden in der Chemie und den Biowissenschaften

From the 1950s to 1970s, physical techniques replaced many classical methods in the chemical and biological sciences. In this development, a novel type of method‐oriented scientists emerged, relying on cooperation with instrument manufacturers and forging close links with science‐funding agencies. Their main engagement was the development of methods and the improvement of instruments, responding to the needs of the chemical and biomedical communities. In the United States, an important institutional locus of such method‐oriented scientists were instrument centers, providing service to regional and national groups of scientific users. This article analyzes the knowledge transfer involved in investigating the Biotechnology Resources Program of the National Institutes of Health, and presenting the example of one of these centers, the Stanford Magnetic Resonance Laboratory.     

明代安庆、徽州地区兵备道分合演变考论

兵备道是明代重要的地方管理制度。为了对付“江贼”“矿贼”和倭寇的侵扰,加强地方屯田、水利等事务的管理,明廷在弘治至嘉靖年间相继设立凤阳、九江、太仓、应天和徽饶五个兵备道,其辖区范围均兼及安庆、徽州地区。兵备道对该地区的管辖单元,也有一个从卫逐渐转变为府的过程。隆庆六年,出于统一事权的考虑,明廷设立徽宁兵备道,将安庆、徽州地区的府卫纳入同一兵备道管理之下,并维持在南直隶的辖区范围内,不再跨省。后因地方形势的变化,为使兵备道在军事上占据有利位置,明廷又对徽宁兵备道进行了几次分化和调整。兵备道的分合演变,显示出其在安庆、徽州地区地方治理的重要性,并为清代安徽省的形成奠定基础。