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31.
为研究南澳I号明代船体木材的保存状况,选择对其部分木材S6隔舱板和尾舱板进行树种鉴定、含水率分析,并采用现代科学的分析手段对样品进行了形貌及化学组成等分析。研究表明:南澳I号S6隔舱板和尾舱板均为山茶科的荷木;目前其平均含水率为327.78%,而正常荷木的最大含水率只有68.26%;与正常木材的化学组分相比,综纤维素降低显著,而灰分、1%NaOH抽出物含量等都有一定程度提高;木材中溶出大量可溶盐,主要以Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cl-、SO2-4等离子为主,总体来看各类离子的含量较高,其中,SO2-4含量最高。且含有较多硫铁化合物,主要成分为黄铁矿。总体分析表明,在海水中长期浸泡后,南澳I号木材中的纤维素等有机支撑体已经发生了严重降解,水和大量盐分充盈在细胞腔内,木船构件样品的基本密度显著降低。所以除了水浸泡除去可溶性盐之外,还要选择恰当的化学吸附剂对南澳I号木材进行脱硫工作。 相似文献
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薄荷醇作为新兴的考古出土脆弱文物提取用临时固型材料,在越来越多的考古现场得到了应用,涉及文物材质不断增多,但是文物提取到室内之后薄荷醇如何快速、安全脱除成为后期处理时面临的实际难题。最常用的去除方法是让薄荷醇自然挥发,但是薄荷醇挥发的同时,水分也会挥发;随着水分的挥发,对失水敏感的饱水有机质文物将会出现干缩等问题。为研究薄荷醇在饱水木质文物上的安全脱除技术,本研究以“南海Ⅰ号”沉船出水的饱水树皮和糟朽散木为对象,探讨自然挥发、补水挥发、乙醇去除、乙醇去除+补水、加热+补水5种不同的脱除方法,通过评估不同方法处理前后树皮和散木的外观形态、质量损失和尺寸稳定性,优选出适合饱水木质文物上薄荷醇的安全脱除方法。结果显示：树皮脱除薄荷醇需要补水,散木脱除薄荷醇需要乙醇快速去除。综合效果来看,乙醇去除或者乙醇去除+补水相结合的方式是饱水木质文物最佳的薄荷醇安全去除方法。本研究将为考古和文物保护人员在使用薄荷醇提取饱水木质文物后期处理上提供技术参考。 相似文献
33.
Verònica Martínez Ferreras Claudio Capelli Marie‐Pierre Jézégou Michel Salvat Georges Castellvi Roberto Cabella 《International Journal of Nautical Archaeology》2015,44(2):277-299
The Port‐Vendres 4 shipwreck is evidence of coastal export trade between Hispania Citerior and Narbonne in 40/30 BC. The cargo is made up of a particular assemblage of Roman wine amphoras (Pascual 1, Dressel 1B and Lamboglia 2) destined for Gallic markets. Archaeological and archaeometric analyses conducted on a selection of the amphoras allowed the provenance of the cargo to be identified as Hispania Citerior and the central‐southern Tyrrhenian coast of Italy. Iluro and/or Baetulo are proposed as the ports of departure, enabling the reconstruction of the trade route and the historical and economic significance of this shipwreck. 相似文献
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Conservation in urban areas is an active issue, but in remoter areas historical remains are neglected by both public and government. Conservation of maritime archaeological sites is fast becoming important elsewhere. Acknowledging the importance of conservation for other types of historical sites, this paper addresses the need for conservation of the as-yet-unknown number of maritime archaeological sites in Malaysia. This will take time and continuing effort. Malacca Maritime Museum is a case-study, built specifically for showcasing artefacts from shipwrecks. The first such museum in Malaysia, it has benefited tourism as well as preserving objects and educating the public.
© 2005 The Nautical Archaeology Society 相似文献
© 2005 The Nautical Archaeology Society 相似文献
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Wayne R. Lusardi 《International Journal of Nautical Archaeology》2000,29(1):57-68
Beaufort Inlet site 0003BUI was discovered off the coast of North Carolina in the autumn of 1996. Preliminary analysis of the site and its artefact assemblage has led researchers to tentatively identify the shipwreck as the pirate Blackbeard's flagship, Queen Anne's Revenge , known to have been lost near the inlet in 1718. A wide variety of artefacts have been recovered during the three field seasons conducted annually since 1997; this paper presents the most recent findings. 相似文献
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包春磊 《文物保护与考古科学》2021,33(5):60-70
含有硫和铁化合物的有机材质文物在海洋长期浸泡过程中会受到生物、化学等方面的侵蚀,发掘出水后从低氧的海洋环境到有氧的空气,这些化合物就会变得不稳定,可能会引发文物化学劣化,从而降低有机质文物的机械稳定性。目前世界上打捞出水的古代沉船大多为木质有机质材料,最著名的就是瑞典斯德哥尔摩的\"瓦萨(Vasa)\"号和英国朴次茅斯\"玛丽·玫瑰(Mary Rose)\"号沉船,船体木材由于积累了海洋中硫酸盐还原菌转化的还原硫化合物以及来自船体腐蚀铁螺栓的铁离子(Ⅱ)从而劣化。据研究,数吨的还原态硫化物聚集在瑞典Vasa号战舰船身的木材中,280吨的船体中大约有2吨的硫或硫酸存在。中国\"华光礁Ⅰ号\"南宋沉船船货有大量铁器,制造船只的过程中又嵌入了大量铁钉用于加固船体,这些铁质物出水前后都会对木质船体形成隐患。为了对\"华光礁Ⅰ号\"沉船进行保护,根据实际情况选择一批样品对船体现状进行科学评估,为下一步制定保护方案提供依据。通过对\"华光礁Ⅰ号\"船体选取一定数量的样品分析其含水率,并通过红外光谱仪(FTIR)、离子色谱仪(IC)、元素分析仪、等离子发射光谱仪(ICP)、X射线衍射仪(XRD),分别对木材样品的分子结构变化、化学组分、离子含量、物相构成等进行分析,评估其现状情况。通过分析,发现\"华光礁Ⅰ号\"松木构件与正常现代松木含水率相比普遍较高,平均含水率为447.9%,与泉州湾宋代海船船体木材300%的含水率、宁波\"小白礁Ⅰ号\"船体木材210%含水率相比,\"华光礁Ⅰ号\"船体构件降解比较严重。\"华光礁Ⅰ号\"饱水考古木材1% NaOH的抽取物含量远高于现代木材,总纤维素平均含量仅占现代木材的27%,说明纤维素和半纤维素已被严重降解;木质素含量有所增加,灰分平均含量为现代松木的68倍。从红外光谱看出,\"华光礁Ⅰ号\"考古木材与现代松木相比木材化学成分和结构发生了变化,半纤维素严重流失,纤维素分子链有部分降解,分子链结晶结构遭到破坏。\"华光礁Ⅰ号\"木材浸泡液中硫酸根离子浓度较高。ICP测试结果中铁离子含量很高,说明木材内无机化合物中主要含铁,结合浸泡液较高的硫酸根浓度说明船体内铁硫化合物还没有清除干净。XRD结果证实表明了铁硫化合物黄铁矿(FeS_2)以及针铁矿、硫酸盐的在船体中的存在。相比于其他文献,本研究的\"华光礁Ⅰ号\"沉船是目前热带地区出水的文物,高温高盐的热带气候下海洋出水含硫铁化合物的木质文物的保护及保存都是一个挑战,也是一个崭新的课题。通过对\"华光礁Ⅰ号\"沉船构件现状进行的科学评估,沉船保存情况不容乐观,木材糟朽程度和破坏程度均非常严重,这是文物保护工作者必须面临和解决的关键问题。 相似文献
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慈溪潮塘江元代沉船是慈溪地区迄今发现并经科学发掘的第一艘古代沉船,船体结构保存较为完整,现存10道隔舱壁板。通过14C测年进一步确认沉船所属时代为元代(1271年—1368年)。在沉船船体70个监测点位采集样品,从树种类型、木材化学组分、硫铁元素含量以及微生物病害种类等多个角度开展检测研究,全面调查分析沉船病害情况。结果表明,慈溪潮塘江元代沉船木材样品整体保存状态较好,由于长期处于内河道埋藏环境,木材处于饱水状态,最大含水率主要集中分布于185%～400%之间,局部区域呈现变色、变形、扭曲、开裂现象,木材化学组分呈现低综纤维素、高灰分的特点,含有少量硫铁元素,属于中度腐蚀状态,亟待开展盐分脱除与填充加固等船体保护工作。 相似文献
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Rebecca Ingram 《International Journal of Nautical Archaeology》2018,47(1):103-139
YK 11, a small, heavily repaired merchantman, was one of 37 Byzantine shipwrecks excavated at Yenikap? in Istanbul, Turkey. This 7th‐century hull, abandoned in the harbour as a derelict, was studied by archaeologists from the Institute of Nautical Archaeology. Originally built with mortise‐and‐tenon edge joinery, the ship had undergone a series of significant repairs over its lifetime. Repairs included the replacement of planking as well as framing. Although the repaired vessel exhibits evidence of both shell‐first and skeleton‐first shipbuilding techniques, detailed study of the hull remains indicates that the ship was initially designed and built as a primarily shell‐based vessel. 相似文献
40.
Carlos Cabrera Tejedor 《International Journal of Nautical Archaeology》2018,47(2):300-324
Two iron‐age shipwrecks, associated with Phoenician ceramics, were discovered at the Playa de la Isla in Mazarrón, Spain. This preliminary report describes hitherto unknown boatbuilding features of the Mazarrón 1 hull remains. The vessel presents hybrid boatbuilding techniques using both pegged mortise‐and‐tenon plank‐edge fasteners and sewn seams employing longitudinal continuous stitching, and a unique keel scarf. It is an important source of information for the development of shipbuilding in the western Mediterranean during the Iron Age. 相似文献