四川汉代性题材画像研究

四川汉画像中的性题材内容直率而古拙,其所宣扬的是对生命的肯定和依恋;她是"天府之国"留给后人的一曲曲生命的欢乐颂,一首首繁衍子孙的赞美诗。     

‘Profits,Savings, Health,Peace, Order’: Prostitution,Urban Planning and Imperial Identity in Halifax,Nova Scotia, 1898–1912

In the early years of the twentieth century, city administrators in Halifax, Nova Scotia articulated a new, modern identity for the former imperial garrison town by identifying the local red light district as both a moral and a spatial problem. Between the twilight of Victoria’s reign and Britain’s entry into the First World War, middle-class toleration of a local sex district as a means of managing the city’s populations of imperial servicemen virtually evaporated. Haligonians were inspired instead by North American urban modernisation initiatives to eradicate this visible and physical space for the world’s oldest profession. This paper examines shifting responses to the imperial sexual and political ideologies underpinning collective toleration of Halifax’s racially mixed sex district, offers a case study of this crucial moment of civic refashioning.     

Immoral geographies and Soho’s sex shops: exploring spaces of sexual diversity in London

London’s Soho, situated in the urban heart of the city has long been understood as both a cosmopolitan and diverse space where transgression and deviance, particularly in relation to the sex industry and sexual commerce, are constitutive of this area. Drawing on three years of ethnographic fieldwork, we add to some of the existing debates on sexual spaces in Soho by documenting the changes to the social/sexual landscape of sex shops in this area, and look to geographers interested in the spatial politics of gender and sexuality to understand the importance of this particular place. Looking at two particular sex shops in Soho, we argue that the spatial practices in this very specific part of the city encourage a disruption of traditional hierarchies that often govern gender and sexed practices, and invite women, LGBTQ and kink communities to inhabit more inclusive spaces of sexual citizenship.     

Conceptualisation of home among Russian-speaking women engaged in commercial sex in Finland

This article explores how Russian-speaking women engaged in commercial sex in Finland understand home in relation to their experience of mobility and engagement in commercial sex. As it examines the mobility of those engaged in commercial sex, it moves away from trafficking or forced migration, and focuses on everyday experiences of home, ownership and self-care. The research is based on semi-structured interviews and ethnographic field work conducted in NGOs and commercial sex venues in Finland. It shows how by investing in private property, the women use their earnings from commercial sex to create their own spaces of comfort and personal pleasure, within the context of mobility, and how the inability to secure a material dwelling makes their sense of home more transient and unstable.     

Osteoarthritis revisited: a contemporary review of aetiology

Osteoarthritis is among the most common pathological conditions in skeletal collections and is the most frequent musculoskeletal disorder in contemporary populations. Jurmain ( 1991 ) has previously published in this journal a brief review of skeletal perspectives on osteoarthritis. Subsequent studies by osteologists and medical researchers have added considerably to understanding of the aetiology and patterning of osteoarthritis. Thus, it is timely to present an updated review that expands and supports conclusions discussed in the earlier review. In short, osteoarthritis aetiology is multifactorial, with age being the main influence on the onset and severity of osteoarthritis. Genetic influences also play a large role in the severity of osteoarthritis, especially in the lower limbs. Weight, although playing a significant role for modern populations, seems to have had very minimal effects on prehistoric populations. Sex differences may often be a consequence of hormones, body size and anatomy, rather than activity related. Finally, intense activity starting at a young age still may influence osteoarthritis, especially in the upper limbs. Future directions discussed include within‐body comparisons, animal studies, and examining patterns in large populations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new approach to sexual diagnosis in past populations. Practical adjustments from Van Vark's procedure

Determination of sex is a key aspect in the study of past populations. Bias in skeletal sexing is well known, however, and depends upon the completeness of the skeletal remains and the representativeness of reference samples. In order to correct these difficulties, the authors propose practical adjustments to Van Vark's well‐known procedure. Two fundamental aspects are considered to reduce the bias of sex allocation. First, we propose to increase the effectiveness of sexing during the first step (primary diagnosis only from the pelvic bone). Second, to improve the final step (secondary diagnosis from the extra‐pelvic skeleton), we consider posterior probabilities as essential. These two practical adjustments are successfully tested in a sample of known sex and lead to a classification with 94.5% accuracy. These results significantly improve sex determination in archaeological samples and therefore contribute to a better understanding of past populations. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Humeral Impingement on the Acromion in a Scottish Island Population of c. 1600 AD

Apparently-articular facets on the undersurface of the anterior third of the acromion have been known in skeletal material since 1922 but without full discussion of the mechanism responsible. Twelve instances are described here, selected because an impingement area could be demonstrated on the greater tubercle of the humerus or on osteophytes that had replaced it. Both sides were affected but, with two exceptions, the right more severely; the less affected side could be regarded as an earlier stage. All were affected by osteoarthrosis. One was complicated by coraco-humeral impingement. The anatomical mechanism that normally prevents the humerus from rising against the coraco-acromial arch is described as well as the causes of the breakdown in the mechanism that leads to the impingement, derived largely from the clinical field, where the disorder is well-known. The complexity of the relation of the disorder to degenerative arthrosis is discussed because the degeneration is an age change in which wear and tear plays a localized part and the changes as they affect the shoulder joint differ fundamentally from those in the weight-bearing hip-joint. The mean estimated age of the group of twelve was 59 years but the occurrence of the acromion impingement disorder in young athletes illustrates the part played by mechanical joint abuse. Women predominated in this small group, partly because, through their longer life-spans, their joints were exposed longer to the susceptible period of age-related degeneration and also because their less robust musculo-skeletal systems were less adapted than men's to the equally shared labour. Two traditional women's tasks, corn-grinding and tweed-shrinking, are shoulder stressful.     

从走马楼吴简看孙吴时期长沙郡的人口性比例问题

关于三国孙吴长沙郡的人口性比例问题,史家极少论及,以至其形成特点、类型和对长沙郡人口繁衍所产生的影响,几乎不为人知。根据张家山汉简,尤其是走马楼吴简所提供的材料,揭示：孙吴初期长沙郡存在着女多男少的人口性比例问题,随着时间的推移和军役、徭役负担的日趋加重,这种女多男少的现象也日趋严重,从而对人口繁衍产生了抑制作用。     

饮食·男女·鼎新——《易经·鼎卦》及“鼎新”之义的发生新解

象征思维是《周易》古经的主要思维方式。同一事物具有多向多重象征功能。传统上从鼎是国家之象征的角度解释《鼎》卦及“鼎新”之义的发生与《鼎》卦本义不符。鼎之本用是一种烹饪器具,古代化中烹饪器具、食物、饮食行为等皆曾象征、隐喻“性”。作在对《鼎》卦中的隐喻、象征意义进行深入发掘的基础上对全卦进行全新的诠释,认为《鼎》卦本义是围绕男女婚姻性生活的占筮,其中以“鼎颠趾,利出否”隐喻停妻纳妾,因之发生“鼎新”之义。     

Regulating sex work in the EU: prostitute women and the new spaces of exclusion

Contemporary prostitution policy within the European Union has coalesced around the view that female prostitution is rarely voluntary, and often a consequence of sex trafficking. Responding, different nation-states have, however, adopted antithetical legal positions based on prohibition (Sweden), abolition (UK) or legalisation (Netherlands). Despite the apparently sharp differences between these positions, in this article we argue that there is now a shared preoccupation with repressing spaces of street prostitution. Noting the forms of exploitation that nonetheless adhere to many spaces of off-street work, we conclude that the state and law may intervene in sex work markets with the intention of tackling gendered injustice, but are perpetuating geographies of exception and abandonment.