基于GWR模型的长江中游城市群传统村落空间格局及可达性探究

以长江中游城市群170个传统村落为研究对象,利用核密度法探讨城市群传统村落的空间分布特征,使用谷歌地图全球搜索引擎与相关公式测算各传统村落的可达性。运用地理空间计量方法GWR回归模型重点剖析影响城市群传统村落可达性水平重要因子的具体影响程度并考量其空间异化效应。研究表明：①长江中游城市群传统村落存在三个高度集聚区,呈"品"形分布,其中有两大集聚区处于环鄱阳湖城市群内部。②传统村落可达性整体水平不高,时间成本较大,所在地区路网密度低,交通便利性不高,并受明显的支流效应影响,水系、山体和交通将一定程度上影响村落的可进入性水平。③地势高低与路网等级对传统村落可达性水平具有正向作用,邻水体距离对传统村落可达性水平呈负相关关系,而坡度值对可达性影响不显著。     

Se nourrir autrement : quelle différence dans l'accès aux systèmes alimentaires alternatifs selon la taille de la ville et ses conditions géographiques?

Alternative food systems (AFS), which are known for their reduced food supply chain and have positive benefits for health, the environment, and local communities, offer an alternative to the conventional (industrialized) system of quality food. However, several studies question the accessibility to these food systems, especially when food insecurity remains a significant issue for many communities in North America. This article examines the accessibility of AFS among lower-income populations by taking into account the urban context, including the food environment and proximity to production areas. Using the case of a borough of Montreal and the medium-sized city of Victoriaville (Quebec), we carried out a mixed methodology combining mapping and observation of the food environment and semi-structured interviews. We show that the price of AFS (economic dimension of its access) is moderated by factors specific to each territory such as temporality, relationships to food and agriculture, and proximity to producers. The Montreal borough and the medium-sized city also stand out for their way of (re)connecting to agricultural producers. These results could help optimize public policies that focus on access to quality food and thus make AFS more accessible.     

交通投资与经济发展的关系及其区域效应评价方法研究

交通投资与经济发展的内在关系一直没有公认的结论。大家普遍同意交通条件是经济发展的重要支撑要素之一。交通投资只有在生产条件充足的情况下,才会促进经济发展。但交通投资并不是越多越好,而是必须与生产投资保持适当比例。交通投资对交通条件改善的区域影响较为复杂,不同的范围有不同的影响。通达性是目前进行交通网络影响评价最为常用的手段。通达性指标有时间通达性、经济潜能和日通达性。不同的通达性指标从不同的角度对交通网络区域效应进行评价。本旨在对我国主要交通设施区域影响的评价研究起抛砖引玉的作用。     

Debunking the Myth of Localized Agglomerations: The Development of a Regionalized Service Economy in South-East England

The central argument of this paper is that localized clusters of economic activity, or 'agglomerations', have been overemphasized in economic geography since the mid-1980s. In particular, such analyses are too manufacturing-biased, and place too much weight on the importance of local supply, market and partnership linkages. We will re-emphasize the service-based nature of growth in the core region of the UK economy, and will explore how a broad band of producer service activity is emerging in the Western Arc, owing largely to common locational logics, including back-office decentralization and the new firm-formation process. Such growth is both stimulated and supported by the high demand levels of the regional economy, but evidence suggests that the linkages of such firms extend well beyond the 'local', to cover at least the 'Greater South-East'. Furthermore, the international element in service growth needs to be recognized, as highlighted by the concentration of US foreign direct investment in the software industry along the M4 corridor. When areas outside the South-East are considered (such as Edinburgh, Tyne and Wear, Cheshire), the evidence appears to support Allen's (1992) notion of a 'regionalized mode of service growth' in the South-East.     

Standing in Line When Queues Are on the Decline: Services Satisfaction Following the Swedish Health Care Waiting Time Guarantee

Understanding mass public support for health systems and welfare polices is required in order to safeguard the legitimacy of democratic governance of the welfare state. If policies to meet dissatisfaction go unnoticed, the whole idea of responsive democracy is in vain. This paper focuses on the 2005 Swedish health care waiting-time guarantee, which resulted in drastically lower hospital waiting times in Västra Götaland County. Exploring questions of significant theoretical relevance in the literature about policy feedback effects, the paper investigates if the decrease in waiting times affected hospital service satisfaction and if this effect was moderated by policy proximity and visibility. Data from the West Sweden SOM survey are utilized, measuring hospital service satisfaction from 2004 to 2009. To disentangle the role of policy proximity, two indicators are used—user status and subjective health status. Furthermore, policy visibility is measured by an individual’s level of political interest. The results show that the decrease in waiting times resulted in a substantial increase in hospital service satisfaction. However, the increase was not more pronounced among groups with higher proximity and visibility. On the contrary, results indicate that the increase in hospital service satisfaction was stronger among those already in good health.     

How much does urban location matter for growth?

This paper analyses the effect of location characteristics on urban growth using regression cubic splines. Our empirical analysis shows that in Spain, differences in accessibility to major urban centres and geographic isolation help explain differences in population growth rates across municipalities between 2001 and 2014. Moreover, even though physical proximity to large cities is usually assumed to be closely related to the attractiveness of a municipality, we found that urban population growth is even more related to the joint effect of distance to major centres and agglomeration. In this respect, there seems to be a threshold from which agglomeration diseconomies come into play such that a greater proximity to major cities and/or being localized within a more densely populated area goes against local growth.     

Broadcasting after devolution: policy and critique in the Welsh media landscape 2008–2015

This essay examines the provision of media (especially broadcasting) in Wales and considers recommendations made in key reviews and reports which have sought to bring about change in how the media serve people in a devolved Wales. It provides a critical insight into how these debates have developed since 2008 and reveals how some of the monumental economic, policy, production and technological changes that have affected broadcast and digital media internationally have taken shape in Wales specifically. The chief aim is to identify how a distinctly Welsh media policy agenda is developing in the context of devolution. This research is timely given the growing political pressure from several parts of the UK both for greater accountability of broadcasting to the nations of the UK and also for substantive devolution of powers over broadcasting to their governments. The essay argues that media scholars need to pay further attention to how policy evolves in the context of multi-governmental levels such as those existing in the devolved nations of the United Kingdom.     

基于游客感知的旅游城市可进入性因子评价研究——以西安市为例

旅游城市可进入性通常被诠释为城市交通通达性,本文将这一概念延伸解构为旅游城市的交通通达性、硬件环境适应性和文化接纳性等多维要素所共同决定的一个有机集合体,并将其与游客行为相联结进行实证研究。在对西安市部分景点的问卷调查分析研究的基础上,分析了西安市国内游客旅游行为前后的障碍因子感知。论文首先对游客原始障碍感知度进行评析,运用PATTERN法对影响西安市城市旅游可进入性的16个因子进行分级评价,得出影响西安市城市旅游可进入性的因子权重值,并以此为依据提出西安市预期-实际可进入性的旅游城市营销-建设对策。     

基于出行调查和GIS分析的县域公共服务设施配置评价研究——以德兴市医疗设施为例

针对传统的县域公共服务设施布局分析主要考虑空间可达性的问题,提出一套更全面和贴近实际的公共服务设施配置评价方法体系。公共服务设施配置评价应能反映服务设施的空间可达性、服务质量、居民的需求与选择三方面内容,为此应综合采用GIS、问卷调查、出行路线图分析等多种技术。在具体操作上,提出"建立县域公共服务设施等级体系--基于时间距离的设施可达性计算--考虑个体行为选择的服务区划分--基于服务区的设施使用状况评价"的"四步法"。主要有两个创新点:①引入了基于出行调查的服务区分析,反映了设施的异质性带来的居民的自主选择和跨区域流动情况;②对设施服务质量的考虑更全面,不仅限于传统的设施规模,还考虑了医生水平、硬件设备、科室设置等因素。     

在线旅游服务提供者顾客需求知识的探索性研究——基于在线旅游服务提供者和顾客的调查

在线旅游的快速发展对在线旅游服务提供商提出了新的要求。与实体环境下的旅游服务提供者类似,在线旅游服务提供者也需要准确识别顾客需求,尤其是个体消费者的需求,进而进行精准营销。现有关于顾客需求知识的研究主要针对员工-顾客服务界面,在线旅游服务发生于人-机交互界面,服务提供者顾客需求知识的内涵和构成有待进一步深入探讨。本文通过对在线旅游服务企业的员工和使用在线旅游服务的顾客进行深入访谈,归纳了在线旅游服务提供者顾客需求知识的内涵、获取顾客需求知识的方式以及在这一过程中顾客扮演的角色,并提出了管理建议。