新科学发展观定位下的黑龙江省旅游业

本文阐述了马克思主义休闲观和国际旅游业发展相关理念;以我国新的科学发展观为指导,概括出追求人的全面发展、坚持五个统筹及构建和谐社会、加强文化与设施等社会建设、进行企业制度变迁和体制创新等区域旅游发展新思路;在对黑龙江省旅游业可持续发展程度进行综合定量评价基础上,按照新科学发展观的定位,有针对性地提出了黑龙江省旅游业科学发展的对策选择。     

旅游产学研三位一体运行机制的深度思考

结合国务院41号文件中提出的中国旅游业未来发展目标,本文讨论了在旅游发展中科学研究、旅游产业和旅游教育之间的相互关系。本文认为,旅游产、学、研的结合需要从理论和实践的结合上深入研究三者之间的逻辑关系和运作机理,探索一条科学合理的思路,以促进中国旅游事业的健康可持续发展。中国旅游业产、学、研三位一体的运作机理为：旅游科学研究是旅游产业和旅游教育的导航仪,旅游产业是旅游研究和旅游教育的原动力,旅游教育是旅游产业和旅游研究的人才库。     

Geschichte ohne Kausalität. Abgrenzungsstrategien gegen die Wissenschaftssoziologie in zeitgenössischen Ansätzen historischer Epistemologie

History Without Causality. How Contemporary Historical Epistemology Demarcates Itself From the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge. Contemporary proponents of historical epistemology often try to delimit their enterprise by demarcating it from the sociology of scientific knowledge and other sociologically oriented approaches in the history of science. Their criticism is directed against the use of causal explanations which are deemed to invite reductionism and lead to a totalizing perspective on science. In the present article I want to analyse this line of criticism in what I consider are two paradigmatic works of contemporary historical epistemology: Lorraine Daston's und Peter Galison's Objectivity and Hans‐Jörg Rheinberger's Toward a History of Epistemic Things. I first present their arguments against the sociological and causal analysis of scientific knowledge and practice and then try to defend sociological work in the history of science against their charges. I will, however, not do so by defending causal explanations directly. Rather, I will show that the arguments against sociological analysis put forward in contemporary historical epistemology, as well as historical epistemology's own models of historical explanation and narration, bear problematic consequences. I argue that Daston, Galison and Rheinberger fail to create productive resonances between macro‐ and microhistorical perspectives, that they reproduce an internalist picture of scientific knowledge, and finally that Rheinberger's attempt to deconstruct the dichotomy between subject and object leads him to neglect questions about the political dimension of scientific research.     

Animal Electricity at the End of the Eighteenth Century: The Many Facets of a Great Scientific Controversy

In the 1790s, Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta were the main protagonists of a lively debate on the role of electricity in animal organisms. Significant developments originated from this debate, leading to the foundation of two new disciplines, electrodynamics and electrophysiology, that were to play a crucial role in the scientific and technological progress of the last two centuries. The Galvani-Volta controversy has been repeatedly reconstructed, sometimes in an attempt to identify the merits and the errors of one or the other of the two protagonists, sometimes with the aim of demonstrating that the theories elaborated by the two Italian scholars were irreconcilable, reflecting completely different ways of looking at phenomena and conceiving of scientific research. In this article a different interpretation is offered, based on a discussion of the scientific issues that were central to Galvani's and Volta's research, and with reference to the context of science and society of the eighteenth century.     

对推进青海经济发展方式转变的思考

对青海省而言,要充分认识转变发展方式的长期性、艰巨性和复杂性,科学稳步地加以推进,不能急于求成。目前要着重加快经济结构、产业结构调整,加强自主创新;按照生态立省的总体部署和要求,倡导生态文明理念,实施生态保护和建设工程;保障和改善民生,继续深化改革和扩大开放,制定合理、有效的政策,推动发展方式的转变。     

提高转变经济发展方式的能力

加快转变经济发展方式,是我党探索社会主义建设规律取得的重大成果,是深入贯彻落实科学发展观的重要目标和战略举措,关系到改革开放和社会主义现代化建设全局,对党的执政能力建设和先进性建设提出了新的要求。为此,要认真学习贯彻十七届五中全会精神,适应新形势新任务的要求,努力提高转变经济发展方式的能力。     

挑战与应对：民主党派参政议政的科学化

参政议政的科学化是民主党派面临的一项重大历史任务,是各民主党派从完善党派的参政方式和提升参政能力的角度出发、在不断总结自身参政经验和客观规律的基础上、为实现科学而有效地参政议政奠定坚实根基的社会历史过程。当前,民主党派要在坚持执政党领导的前提下,加强自身的思想理论建设,完善相关法律制度,培育参政议政人才,加强合作与交流,以促进民主党派整体功能的最大发挥。     

Twelve Timely Tales: On Biographies of Pioneering Women Archaeologists

Breaking Ground, edited by Cohen and Joukowsky, presents biographies of twelve female American and European archaeologists who pursued fieldwork in the Old World in the late 19th and 20th centuries. Though accurately grounded in archival sources and careful citation, readers would need guidelines to theoretical and methodological issues to better understand the type of scholarly products that the various biographies represent. As explicit historiographic and gender discussions are avoided, focus is placed on these pioneers' individual experiences. The anthology provides a wide-ranging but somewhat fragmented understanding of the gendered character of the archaeological discipline.