发达地区与欠发达地区贯彻落实科学发展观的路径选择

发达地区与欠发达地区所处的发展阶段不同,科学发展的条件、要求以及所要解决的难点也就不同。同时,发达地区、欠发达地区均存在着影响贯彻落实科学发展观的二重性因素,只有正视这些因素,才能趋利避害,扬长避短,寻求适当路径,使科学发展观在各地区都能得到有效的贯彻落实。发达地区与欠发达地区贯彻落实科学发展观的不同路径既有相对独立性,又需要在宏观上相互衔接和协调。     

以科学发展观统领经济社会发展全局--第十一个五年规划《建议》的新亮点

第十一个五年规划《建议》最鲜明的特点是,全面贯彻落实科学发展观,把《五年计划》改为《五年规划》;国民经济发展既要快又要稳;建设社会主义新农村是促进城乡协调发展的重要战略;自主创新是调整产业结构、转变增长方式的中心环节;建设和谐社会的关键在于实现社会公平正义。     

Über Georges Canguilhems Was heißt eine wissenschaftliche Ideologie? und über deutsch‐französische Beiträge zum Thema Wissenschaft und Ideologie aus den letzten vierzig Jahren

On Georges Canguilhem's What does a Scientific Ideology mean? and on French‐German Contributions on Science and Ideology in the Last Fourty Years. This paper is based on Canguilhem's text on the concept of scientific ideology, which he introduced in 1969. We describe Canguilhem's attempts at designing a methodological framework for the history of science including the status of kinds of knowledge related to science, like scientific ideologies preceding particular scientific domains (like ideologies about inheritance before Mendel, or Spencer's universal evolutionary laws preceding Darwin). This attempt at picturing the relationships between science and ideology is compared with Jürgen Habermas's book Technology and Science as ‘Ideology’ in 1968. The philosphical issue of human normativity provides the framework of this discussion.     

基层文化建设浅议

加强基层文化建设,全面提高基层文化水平,是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要内容。当前要充分认识基层文化在构建和谐社会中的重要地位和作用,以科学发展观为指导,按照新时期新阶段对基层文化建设的新要求,采取得力措施,大力加强基层文化建设。     

Towards replicating Egyptian predynastic flint knives

The replication method proposed in this article is based on an analysis of 12 complete and eight incomplete predynastic flint knives. From this a specific replication target was deduced, consisting of geometrical parameters as well as quality standards for practical execution. The given replication technique, verified in more than 50 full replication experiments, utilizes only common tools and all its elements remain within the frame of today's recognized flintknapping practice. What leads to the desired result is the right combination, the high precision and the extreme regularity of a great amount of simple but delicate steps.The Gerzean manufacturing sequence, as resulting from this study, consists of six basic stages and employs such different technologies as percussion, grinding, large pressure flaking and micro-flaking. It is suggested that various kinds of people with separate skills were involved and that a very strong cultural pressure must have secured the extreme regularity of the final product quality.In a special section of this paper, the perfection and the failures of the Gerzean craftsmen are described. It seems that not only did they make few mistakes, but they also had an outstanding repertoire for correction of them.At the same time this paper presents in detail the developed research method itself, so that it may serve as a model for analogous cases in the future. The essential points are the definition of a replication target, the division of the replication problem into separate tasks and the simultaneous start of the study and the practical replication experiments. The benefit of this last point is a rapid feed back which greatly improves the quality and efficiency of the research on the originals itself.     

关于真理的几个问题新议

在实践唯物主义精神的指引下,遵循实践哲学的方法原则,正确对待真理的主观特征和主体本性,挖掘深藏其中的主观意蕴,是关乎真理论研究和发展方向的重大问题,是唯物主义反映论的基本要求。真理作为主体对客体的正确反映,即科学的理论,它包含认识和正确的认识两个规定性,简而言之,真理是特殊的认识。     

中国的成功之路

中国这个人口众多、贫穷落后的东方大国正在迅速崛起。人们争相探究中国成功的奥秘,做出种种判断。中国人民则从切身经验中体认到:中国特色社会主义是我们的成功之路。中国特色社会主义的探索经历了漫长的历程,走过曲折的道路。毛泽东第一个提出,要找出在中国建设社会主义的具体道路,并为此进行了艰辛探索,奠定了中国特色社会主义的基础。经历了“文化大革命”内乱之后,以邓小平为代表的中国共产党人在接受教训、总结经验的基础上,成功地开辟了一条中国特色社会主义新道路,创立了马克思主义与当代中国实践和时代特征相结合的中国特色社会主义理论。以江泽民为核心的第三代领导集体坚定不移地沿着建设中国特色社会主义道路与时俱进,开拓创新,改革开放和社会主义现代化事业不断前进,中国特色社会主义理论不断发展,逐步形成了“三个代表”重要思想这一系统的科学理论。中共十六大以后,以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央在新阶段伟大实践的基础上,总结新经验,作出新概括,进一步提出了科学发展观和构建社会主义和谐社会的任务,丰富、发展了邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想。中国的成功之路是中国共产党三代领导集体领导中国人民经过艰辛探索走出来的。从认识论、方法论来看,取得成功的重要原因是:遵循实事求是的思想路线;从错误中学习;在打压中自强;在反倾向斗争中前进;尊重群众的首创精神;抓住机遇,迎接挑战。     

科学发展观的形成背景与历史地位--兼与赵凌云、张连辉先生商榷

科学发展观是当代中国富有创造性的发展理论,是新中国成立以来的第四代发展观.马克思主义发展观、苏联发展观和当代国外发展观,是新中国成立以来的发展观演变特别是科学发展观提出的理论背景.科学发展观在发展目标上具有全面性,在发展方式上具有统筹性,在发展目的上具有人本性.     

The Formation of Large-scale Collaborative Resource Management Institutions: Clarifying the Roles of Stakeholders, Science, and Institutions

This article explores the emergence of collaborative institutional arrangements for managing natural resources in large-scale and complex resource settings, among numerous political jurisdictions and stakeholders. It examines four regional institutions in the United States: the Northwest Power and Conservation Council's Fish and Wildlife Program, the Chesapeake Bay Program, the CALFED Bay-Delta Program, and the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. While a wealth of literature has looked at the emergence of smaller-scale resource management institutions, and some literature has begun to look at the characteristics and successes of these regional institutions, theory is lacking to explain the formation of these regional institutions. We first introduce three relevant streams of literature—on common pool resources management, on policy entrepreneurs and social capital, and on science and information in policy change—to frame our analysis. The comparisons of the cases point to the importance of integrating key insights from the literature for understanding the formation of collaborative resource governance. We emphasize how science, leadership, and prior organizational experience interact in facilitating institutional change, particularly in the process of raising awareness about resource management problems. In tracing the formation of these institutions, we also identify how external institutional triggers can help spur collaborative governance.     

Constructive comments on D Massey 'Space-time, "science" and the relationship between physical geography and human geography:rsquo;

This paper provides a discussion of Massey's (1999) account of the role of space-time in human and physical geography. Recognizing the relative (but not absolute) paucity of comment from physical geographers on questions of approach and method, the paper seeks to demonstrate three things. First, it casts a history of a narrow part of geomorphology in a similar vein to a part of human geography to demonstrate that it is possible to find strong shared characteristics in the ways in which the two subjects are being approached. This emphasizes the importance of analyses that recognize both space and time in seeking explanation in physical geography and which has important implications for: (i) the nature of laws and processes in geomorphology; and hence (ii) the interpretation of specific landforms and their histories. Second, the paper argues that much of what Massey addresses relates to the closure required to make things amenable to study, something that is characteristic of almost every type of research. This has long been acknowledged in science in general and in physical geography in particular, but is often forgotten. Third, the paper uses this consideration of closure to address the issue of the relational nature of different sorts of space-time models. Following Massey's argument that the sort of space-time model that we adopt needs to be informed by the entities that we study, the paper concludes that some of the space-time models that Massey critiques (e.g. classical Newtonian mechanics) may still be fundamental to what we do, and in no sense necessarily ahistorical.