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Mario Galea Roslyn DeBattista Matthew Grima Laura Maccarelli Rosanne Borg Charles Zerafa 《Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites》2013,15(4):315-326
The damaging effects of sea salt aerosols on Globigerina Limestone are well known, and various professionals have studied and reported on the often complex underlying deterioration mechanisms. Following a preventive conservation project, undertaken to shelter and protect the UNESCO World Heritage Neolithic temple sites of Hagar Qim and Mnajdra, the Preventive Conservation Unit within the Diagnostic Science Laboratory at Heritage Malta embarked on a pilot study to identify whether sea salt aerosol deposition patterns within the site alter significantly post sheltering. The results from this short pilot study, by identifying the presence of salts using ion chromatography, have shown that there is a consistent pattern that when directly linked to the intrinsic shape of the temple interior as well as to the micro-environmental factors that are changing as a direct result to the sheltering, point to the trends of greater pollutant accumulation, particularly dust. 相似文献
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方墩东周制盐遗址位于浙江省宁波市大榭开发区的大榭岛,出土了较多制盐陶器和少量日用陶器。制盐陶器均为放置在盐灶中以支撑煮盐器具的支臂和支脚,它们的制作可能已经有标准化倾向。结合遗址年代、位置、自然环境和文献记载来看,这是一处春秋晚期至战国早期由越国管辖的盐业生产聚落。 相似文献
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易溶盐反复结晶产生的体积膨胀,会对土遗址特别是土遗址表面迹象造成破坏,因此,以易溶盐的含量多少判断其干预时机就显得尤为重要。本研究就易溶盐含量对秦陵陪葬坑土遗址的影响,开展安全含盐量问题的探究。将Na2SO4/Na Cl质量比为1∶1混合盐掺入重塑土样中,经气候箱老化后,利用超景深显微镜测定盐胀面积判断土样被破坏的程度,结果表明含盐超过0.1%,就会导致盐胀面积突然增加,这一指标的获得以及本次实验研究中提出的利用超景深显微镜测定土壤表面盐胀面积评估盐害的方法,为土遗址开展进一步的预防性保护工作提出了初步依据和新的研究方法。 相似文献
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王长命 《中国历史地理论丛》2013,28(2)
本文根据盐湖卤水的地球化学特征以及盐湖生态系统等盐湖知识和理论,结合古人对盐湖湖色和浑浊度相关记载,校正《水经·涑水注》安邑盐池文字当为"紫色澄渟,渾而不流"。该段文字反映了盐湖在特定时间段内盐度增高,而盐度变化引起盐湖生物链顶端的优势种群卤虫体内产生红色素,进而将卤水染成紫色或者深红色;同时,这些悬浮于高浓度卤水中的卤虫,极大地影响了湖水对光线的吸收和散射,带来湖水浑浊的盐湖地理现象。郦道元提取了盐湖湖表卤水湖色和浑浊度的感官性状指标,强调其在盐天然结晶前的指标作用,是传统时代汉文文献中记载结晶前高盐度卤水中湖色和浑浊度变化精度最高的文本。 相似文献
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可溶盐是石质文物风化的重要原因,其聚集、运移与水密不可分。石窟顶部土层中的盐是云冈石质文物内部盐分的重要来源,因而研究石窟顶部土层中的水盐分布特征对未来减小可溶盐在石质文物内部的聚集具有十分重要的意义。本研究对云冈石窟顶部不同位置、不同深度土层的饱和渗透系数、含水率、孔隙比、可溶盐含量进行了系统的分析测试,并结合取土位置的坡度和植被覆盖率,研究了云冈石窟顶部土层中水盐分布特征。结果表明:植被覆盖率越高,土体含水量越高;坡度越大,土体含水率越低;土体孔隙比与饱和渗透系数呈线性关系。植被覆盖率、坡度及土体的渗透性能是影响石窟顶部土层水盐分布的主要原因。 相似文献
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汉代以来盐史记忆中已经可以看到中原人对远方奇异盐产的印象。多处盐产地盐的异样色彩,与内地以往经济生产与饮食生活中的观察体会及消费经验有所不同。关于宿沙氏“煮海”传说盐色“五样”的情节,学者以为“异闻”。许多文献资料可见所谓“紫盐”“青盐”“黄盐”“赤盐”“黑盐”等记录。这些对于远方盐色的体会,是以长途交通实践为发现条件的。而早期丝绸之路史的记录,与相关盐史迹象存在某种关联。这一情形,值得交通地理与文化交流史研究者关注。 相似文献
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We report on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for predicting the density and isothermal compressibility of an H2O–NaCl fluid as a function of temperature (673–2000 K), pressure (0.2–2.0 GPa), and salt concentration (0.0–21.9 wt%). The atomistic behavior was analyzed via the hydration number of ions and number of ion pairs. Hydration numbers of Na+ and Cl? increased with increasing pressure and decreasing temperature. Conversely, the fraction of Na–Cl ion pairs increased with decreasing pressure and increasing temperature. This hydration and association behavior is consistent with the low dielectric constant of H2O under these conditions. The presence of polynuclear clusters of Na–Cl was confirmed at high temperatures, low pressures, and high salt concentrations. We propose a purely empirical equation of state (EoS) for H2O–NaCl fluids under high temperatures and pressures that should be useful for estimating the fluid distribution in Earth's crust and upper mantle in relation to effects on earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. 相似文献
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Ana Sofia Guimarães Teresa Diaz Gonçalves Joana Azevedo 《International Journal of Architectural Heritage》2016,10(6):766-776
Salt crystallization is a major cause of degradation in old buildings. One of the issues that stills need clarification is regarding the influence of the salts on the capillary absorption and subsequent drying of porous building materials. This article presents an experimental study that included capillary absorption and evaporative drying tests on two types of material (lime mortar and ceramic brick) using pure water or saturated solutions of six salts (sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate, sodium carbonate, potassium nitrate, or potassium carbonate). The results of capillary absorption agree only roughly with the linear relationship, predicted by theory, between sorptivity and the square root of the ratio between viscosity η and surface tension σ of the solution (σ/η)1/2. This poor agreement is probably due to material heterogeneity. The drying dynamics was regular and showed little dispersion between specimens, but only for the uncontaminated materials. Indeed, the drying dynamics of the salt contaminated materials was often irregular or diverged among similar specimens, and the same happened with their salt decay patterns. The main conclusion is that soluble salts can amplify the effects on drying of the small structural heterogeneities that porous building materials normally depict. 相似文献
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Underwater excavations at the Classic period (a.d. 300–900) ancient Maya salt works of Chan b’i and Atz’aam Na in Paynes Creek National Park, Belize, reveal activity areas associated with a substantial salt industry for distribution to nearby southern Maya inland sites where this biological requirement was scarce. Wooden architecture and salt making artifacts are abundantly preserved in a peat bog composed of red mangrove. Excavations, screening, and analysis of recovered material at the submerged underwater sites reveal that the artifacts are overwhelmingly briquetage: pottery vessels used to evaporate salty water by heating over fires to make salt. The spatial distribution of briquetage in relation to the interior and exterior of buildings reveals that salt production was occurring indoors. The plethora of briquetage and the scarcity of domestic artifacts indicate that the sites were specialized salt works and not physically attached to households. 相似文献