遭遇与机遇:19世纪末中国农村手工业的曲折经历--以直鲁农村手工纺织业为例

19世纪末,直鲁农村手工纺织业在外国棉制品的冲击下经历了一个严重衰落的低谷,也迎来与国内发达地区并驾齐驱、与机器棉制品比肩竞争的发展转机,这一曲折经历包含着极为复杂交错的层面。一些学者关于洋布、洋货未能打入华北内地、甚至纠缠于“帝国主义是现实还是神话”的看法值得商榷;“封建、落后”的农村经济在突来的冲击面前所表现出的强韧性和对抗能力,在机遇面前所显示出的与时俱进的品质以及对新技术和新生产方式的持续容纳能力也同样值得关注。     

20世纪30年代的县政建设运动与乡村社会变迁--以五个县政建设实验县为基本分析样本

20世纪 30年代 ,南京国民政府与乡村建设派合作 ,掀起了一场县政建设运动。其中 ,五个实验县各有特点 ,但是 ,由于乡村社会结构的变动和国家政治结构变动并未出现地域性的根本差别 ,因而 ,尽管在具体的进程和操作方式上有所区别 ,甚至在参与力量和主体上也有所不同 ,县政建设运动整体上却有着共同的历史特征。它的运作模式、实验方式和实验内容都为中国乡村现代化留下了许多历史经验和教训     

The Italian Neolithic: A Synthesis of Research

This paper reviews the distinctive economic and social development of Neolithic Italy and its islands, from ca. 6000 B.C. until the emergence of the Copper Age ca. 3500 B.C. Through a synthesis of traditional interpretations and more recent discussions relating to early farming economies, social and technological developments, settlement, and landscape, the complex regional patterns are described. The development of archaeological studies in Italy, the biases in regional and chronological data collection, the regional patterns of cultures and landscapes, and the emergence of distinctive funerary, artistic and economic activities reveal a wealth of varied and intriguing archaeological information from a wide variety of sources that link parallel developments in the Mediterranean and Europe.     

Prospects for the Rural‐Urban Fringe in Australia: Observations from a Brief History of the Landscapes around Sydney and Adelaide

Despite being a major site of recent population growth and, arguably, a key arena for sustainability concerns, the rural‐urban fringe has received relatively little attention in the literature concerning Australian cities and urban policy. To address this shortcoming the authors review post‐World War II efforts to plan the rural‐urban fringes of Sydney and Adelaide and find a number of issues for contemporary policy‐makers. First, the fringe is becoming increasingly complex due to multi‐faceted demographic change, a broadening economic base and demands for better environmental management, all within the context of an evolving understanding of sustainability. Second, water resource management, partly under the auspices of integrated natural resource management, is assuming a much higher priority than in early fringe planning endeavours, which emphasised urban containment, agricultural land protection and landscape conservation. Third, and partly as a consequence of this shift of priorities, there is also evidence of changes to the nature and focus of policy tools used in the fringe, with land management concerns now cutting across traditional land use planning. Finally, and fundamentally, these observations raise questions about how future governance of the fringe should be organised. Together these four themes pose an enthralling series of challenges for policy‐makers for which much more research and discussion are needed.     

The settlement patterns of north-eastern and south-eastern Arabia in late antiquity

The east Arabian settlements in antiquity were never large urban sites. However, they were the main centres of the communities that inhabited that area, interfacing between the nomadic and sedentary societies. A study of the distribution and characteristics of these sites reveals different, complementary functions. They were organized in local networks forming the essential structure of the settlement pattern and delineating the territories of communities having their own political identity.     

建立健全城乡基层党组织互帮互助机制的实践与思考——基于青海省海西州德令哈市基层党建的调查

建立健全城乡基层党组织互帮互助机制,是当前推进基层党的建设的一项重要工作任务。本文围绕这一主题,结合青海省德令哈市基层党建工作的实际,就建立健全城乡基层党组织互帮互助机制存在的问题及其对策,进行了有益的思考和探讨。     

京郊四村80年:乡民社会的历史图景与现实处境

20世纪20年代李景汉调查的京郊四村长期以来一直得到学术界的关注,2006～2008年,我们又对京郊四村进行了田野调查和文献研究,目的意在秉承前辈学者的研究理路,以村民的收入和消费为主线,呈现其从乡土社会到城市街区的转换历程,以及失地农民在适应城市生活中所面临的诸多问题。作为城乡关系的"连接点",大城市边缘村落既是乡土社会转型的前沿地带,也是都市化引发社会矛盾和冲突的焦点。因此,对京郊四村的再研究,不仅续写了村庄的历史,更突显了认识和记录中国社会变迁的价值所在。     

我国农村救护车资源布局优化:以河南省郸城县为例

优化农村救护车资源的配置有助于缩短急救服务的响应时间,对于维护重症伤(病)员的生命安全具有重要意义。本研究以河南省郸城县为例,将15分钟作为急救车路上所需响应时间,研究了该县当前救护车资源布局下农村居民的可达性;应用ArcGIS中的p-中位模型优化了郸城救护车布局点,并运用SPSS16中的配对样本t检验对比了优化前后郸城居民救护车服务可达性变化;应用ArcGIS中的最小覆盖面模型求解了覆盖郸城县域所需的最少救护车布局点数。研究显示,通过优化能有效提高居民的救护车资源可达性,在县域范围内布局13个左右的救护车资源能基本覆盖所有居民点。这一数量对与郸城具有相似自然社会背景的黄淮海平原县域具有借鉴意义。最后,文章还讨论了研究存在的局限。     

基于SOFM的环渤海地区乡村地域功能分区

以2008年3项乡村地域功能态和2000-2008年3项功能的增长势作为指示指标,利用Matlab软件的SOFM程序进行环渤海地区乡村地域功能分区,为加快形成特色鲜明、优势互补、功能协同的乡村地域空间格局提供科学依据。通过修正最终划分为经济发展、粮食生产、生态保育三个主导功能区,并细化为13个功能亚区。经济发展主导功能区主要分布在大城市周边、渤海沿线以及交通干线附近,是区域的经济核心区和城镇化快速发展区,其功能定位是保持经济技术领先优势并优化空间布局。粮食生产主导功能区主要分布在平原集中区,粮食总产量和人均粮食占有量均处于较高水平,但经济发展缓慢;围绕主导功能定位建设高产、稳产、高效的"大农业区",提升粮食综合生产能力。生态保育功能区集中分布在山地丘陵区,优先保障生态建设与修复的土地需求,生态唯先的组织生产、生活活动。     

西部典型区农村居民旅游消费特征及影响因素研究——以甘肃省农村居民为例

文章以甘肃省农村居民为个案,基于甘肃省526位农村居民的微观调查数据,对西部典型地区农村居民旅游消费特征及其影响因素进行了定量考察。研究表明:甘肃省农村居民旅游消费观念落后,消费意愿不够强烈,出游频数较低,年均旅游消费支出相当有限,偏好与亲友结伴出游,出游时间主要集中于农闲时间,出游目的主要以探亲访友和观光游览为主,出游选择的交通工具主要为汽车和火车,亲友介绍是其获取旅游信息的主要渠道。与东、中部较发达地区农村居民旅游消费有所不同,可自由支配收入及旅游产品价格依然是影响甘肃省农村居民旅游消费的主导因素。