中国乡村旅游发展产业升级问题

近年来游客对乡村旅游的需求渐热,我国乡村旅游的发展在经历了一轮较快的原始积累阶段之后,遇到了一定的瓶颈.本文通过对国内外乡村旅游发展情况的综述和总结,在分析国内乡村旅游发展形式和国外部分发达地区经验的基础上,从产品、营销和市场拓展三方面提出针对我国目前乡村旅游产业的升级建议和设想.     

中部农区农户打工距离研究——以河南三个样本村为例

对农户打工距离和区位的研究是认识农民工流动空间规律的基础。通过对河南省三个不同类型样本村的实证研究,发现打工距离整体分散、局部集中,打工人数随距离的变化呈"U"型分布,打工者在打工目的地的分布上具有群聚特征。影响农户打工距离选择的主要因素是年龄、家庭类型、家庭代数、上学人数和关系网络因子。年龄较大者、家庭类型较简单者、家庭代数较多者、上学人数较多者和关系网络较少者,选择在本地打工的概率较大,反之亦然。     

农区产业集群、网络与中部崛起

我国中部六省地区由于多种原因在全国区域经济格局中已经成为了"经济增长速度的相对塌陷地区",实施"中部崛起"战略是学术界、中央和地方政府达成的共识。本文在分析中部地区存在问题的基础上提出,实施产业集群战略、创建本地企业网络是实现中部崛起的有效途径。发展农区产业集群可以提高集群企业和区域产业的竞争力,推动农村工业化和城镇化进程,促进县域经济的发展。而企业之间的网络联系是产业集群的本质特征,培育产业集群必须从创建企业网络入手。最后,本文对如何在中部农区培育产业集群、创建企业网络作了探讨。     

基于GIS的农村公共卫生区划——以河南省为例

农村公共卫生问题所包含的深远意义并不只是体现在"三农"方面,而是涉及国计民生乃至全人类的生存与发展,解决好农村公共卫生问题对社会的稳定和发展至关重要。公共卫生区划是公共卫生评估和管理的重要内容。作者根据影响农村公共卫生状况的因素,提出一个农村公共卫生评价模型,以及利用GIS对农村公共卫生状况进行区划的方法,并在对河南省农村地区进行了抽样调查的基础上进行了研究。     

江汉平原农户日常休闲变迁及其影响因素研究

基于江汉平原京山市乡村抽样调查和实地访谈数据，通过指数分析揭示农户日常休闲变化特征，运用回归分析透视影响因素。结果显示：研究期内农户日常休闲以“娱乐消遣”为主要类型，但已呈现多样化、新兴化趋势；以“自家”为主要区位，但家外化、远程化特征显现；以“自家娱乐消遣型”为主流模式，但“手机/网络”为代表的“自家学习发展型”休闲增长迅速。乡村休闲发展水平受需求因素和供给因素“双轮驱动”，农户个体休闲“惯性依赖”特征显著。研究结果能够为中国传统农区人地关系变化及乡村振兴战略实施提供科学依据。     

TRANSGRESSING URBAN UTOPANISM: AUTONOMY AND ACTIVE DESIRE

It has been extensively argued by theorists of liberal globalization as well as by radical theorists such as situationists and anarchists that as the site of the concentration of capital, the city is the primary site for the formation of new subjectivities, new rights‐claiming practices and the intensification of resistance as the starting point for an alternative, inclusionary urban citizenship. This article contends that by dismissing or separating rural and agricultural practices, such theories express a contradiction that can best be understood not as a struggle between rural and urban utopias, but between two different approaches to utopianism – hegemonic, associated with statist practices; and critical, associated with autonomous practices. The article considers emergent free spaces within the UK, including intentional communities, autonomous social centres, radical housing co‐operatives and eco‐villages, both in urban and rural areas, as specific instances of materialized utopias that are becoming autonomous, allowing us to think beyond dominant spatial formations by offering alternative futures whilst simultaneously engaging in resistant practices in the present. Voices of interviewed practitioners and observations of practices in these spaces are brought into dialogue with theory, highlighting gaps and weaknesses and opening space for further theorizing and new imaginings. This offers possibilities for a critical‐autonomous conception of utopianism that does not take existing spatial formations for granted.     

农村贫困化与空心化耦合发展的空间分异及影响因素研究

农村贫困化与空心化是乡村地域系统衰退的主要表征和关键内因，在当前乡村振兴初期和脱贫攻坚决胜期，深入探究二者间互动关系，有助于了解乡村发展阶段，缓解深度贫困，促进城乡融合发展。本文以宁夏同心县为例，采用MPI和人口空心化综合评价法测算农村贫困化与空心化程度，并进行耦合发展空间分析和影响因素探测。结果表明：①农村贫困化与空心化耦合程度呈现低、中、高3种趋势交替出现的“北低南高”空间分布格局，高度耦合区多集中于南部山区；②乡村地域系统衰退程度与耦合度空间分布基本吻合，贫困地区乡村普遍处于亚健康和非健康发展状态；③农村自然条件和资源禀赋是影响乡村发展的基础因素，区位条件是其重要因素，经济基础则是其决定性因素，各因子之间相互作用增加了乡村地域系统发展的复杂性。     

市场资本驱动下的乡村空间生产与治理重构——对婺源县Y村的实证观察

乡村振兴不能回避资本，然而资本下乡会改变乡村内部治理结构，如何善用资本以实现乡村善治成为一个难题。文章以江西省婺源县Y村作为典型案例，基于空间生产理论视角，深度剖析资本介入后村庄治理主体的关系转换和资本运行的内在机制，并揭示资本介入后乡村善治面临的难题。文章认为，市场资本介入乡村重构了空间生产主体，并倾向于构建符合自身需求的新空间形态。新空间形态进一步形成了新社会关系网络，新社会关系网络在市场资本的助推下稳固，并逐步将村民主体排挤出村庄，导致资本下乡后空间非正义等问题凸显。未来的乡村治理模式应当发挥资本的触媒作用；维持政府公正性角色，保持乡村空间正义；明确村民主体地位，鼓励村民作为村庄营建的主体；强化集体力量，保持村集体对空间的有效控制权。     

Seeing Farmers' Markets: Theoretical and Media Perspectives on New Sites of Exchange in New Zealand

In this paper we explore the extent to which a reciprocal relationship exists between contemporary theorisation about farmers' markets in geography and the rapidly expanding public discourse surrounding these sites of exchange in New Zealand. Activities branded as farmers' markets are seen widely as local phenomena of systemic significance for the understanding of evolving geographies of production, consumption and exchange. As something ‘new’ on the landscape, farmers' markets also attract attention in the media. An electronic database of significant print media contributions over the period 1995 to 2007 provides the empirical basis for an assessment of the extent to which theorisation and the public discourse address common themes. Our analysis indicates that, while the economic and social constructions in both the research literature and the media database share common themes, strong contrasts in ways of ‘seeing’ farmers' markets are apparent. We note the predilection in the print media to present the nature and purpose of farmers' markets through the personal experiences and ‘stories’ of participants. There is a tendency to focus on the appeal of markets to the consumers who form the readership base. The theorised alterity of the farmers' market, either in terms of production methods or motivations for consumption, is not reflected strongly in media reports, and this raises questions about ‘over-theorisation’ in the academic literature. Our aim is to promote reflection in both the editorial offices of the media and in the academy by documenting the nature of these contrasting views.     

EXPERIENCE THE DIFFERENCE: THE COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES OF FOOD‐RELATED ENTREPRENEURS IN RURAL DENMARK

As food production becomes increasingly integrated, globalized and competitive, small‐scale food‐related enterprises in many European countries are struggling to market and monetize their products. Although these struggles have been well documented, few studies have considered the ways in which food‐related entrepreneurs in rural contexts are adapting to and overcoming these challenges. In particular, little is known about how they differentiate and add value to their products. This article focuses on the development and implementation of new and hybrid commercial strategies by food‐related entrepreneurs in three rural communities in Denmark. These strategies add experiential elements to the longstanding practice of commodifying myths associated with rural settings and identities. Although harnessing culture and experiences to sell things is nothing new, we demonstrate that some Danish entrepreneurs are responding to market competition by tweaking and extending these concepts. In particular, it is argued that entrepreneurs use different experiences with varying levels of intensity and consumer engagement for different purposes. Whereas passive experiences such as storytelling are used to educate consumers about the specific qualities of products, more active and participatory experiences are sold as add‐ons and standalone products. The findings contribute to our understanding of food‐related entrepreneurship in rural contexts, consumption, value creation and the experience of economy more broadly.