我国城乡关系的定量研究——基于城乡投入产出表的视角

城乡关系是地理学研究的重要议题。本文运用城乡投入产出模型,构建了\"乡村支持城镇、城镇反哺乡村\"的定量模型,分析了我国1987-2012年间城乡间的经济联系。结果发现,从经济联系角度看,虽然城镇对乡村的反哺作用有了较大的提升,但总体上我国城乡关系仍处于乡村支持城镇阶段。乡村对其他服务业（如教育、医疗）的消费是导致乡村支持城镇的主要来源,且其作用有增大趋势。而城镇对农业的消费、对建筑业的投资以及纺织服装业的出口是城镇反哺乡村最主要的经济活动。因此,减轻乡村居民在其他服务业领域的支出负担,刺激城镇居民对乡村农产品的消费,保持建筑业投资力度,扩大纺织服装行业的出口水平有利于提升我国城镇反哺乡村的水平。     

空心村整治意愿及其影响因素——基于宁夏西吉县的调查

基于宁夏西吉县空心村问卷调查数据,研究村民对空心村整治规划的意愿及其影响因素。研究发现,目前多数公共设施在空心村中处于缺失状态;村民希望空心村整治能解决村庄的道路交通、自来水供应、垃圾处理等问题,能满足文化教育、就医和垃圾回收等方面的基础设施需求;希望村庄整治能考虑农业生产的便利性,能提高经济和社会保障水平。模型回归结果表明,家庭常住人口数量、家庭接受9年义务教育的人数、对当前住房的满意度、对本村小学满意度和对村庄生态环境满意度等因素对村民是否支持空心村整治具有重要影响。     

理性、流动与家庭——村民日常生活语境下的乡村性转型

从乡村日常生活的真实状况出发,本文在个人、家庭、村集体三个维度考察了当前乡村性转型的主要路径。对河南邓州的研究表明,市场经济带来的经济理性与城镇化带来的流动性相互耦合,彻底动摇了传统小农分散、孤立、封闭的特征,但在不同维度上转型速率与方式并不同步。进一步的分析表明,当前我国的一系列宏观政策与促进乡村村民城镇化的初衷之间还存在需要弥合的差距。论文最后对家庭理想与经济理性耦合、个体理性与群体理性差距、有限城镇化的制度困境等理论话题进行讨论。     

清末四川庙产兴学进程中的砍伐庙树

During Sichuan’s promotion of education in the late Qing Dynasty, trees in the domain of Buddhist or Daoist temples, which were part of temples’ property, had been felled across the province. The profits gained were used to repair or build schools as well as to fund their management. In different regions, the characteristics and intentions of the felling activities differed. Meanwhile, such fever gave rise to corrupt practices of deceitfully seeking profits which in turn caused numerous disputes and lawsuits, reflecting the confrontation provoked between the state and the people as well as different communities over tradition, ritual, and belief. The investigations of felling temple trees could enrich the understanding of provincial promotion for education in the late Qing period, and that of the social and cultural changes taking place in rural communities in modern times. Translated by Chen Haitian from Sichuan Daxue Xuebao 四川大学学报 (Journal of Sichuan University), 2007, (5): 136–144     

苏北地区乡村聚落的格局特征与类型划分

以苏北地区乡村聚落为研究对象,运用RS和GIS技术,利用景观分析方法,选取空间韵律指数及聚类分析探讨苏北地区乡村聚落的格局特征及类型划分,结果表明,苏北地区乡村聚落的空间分布存在明显的地域差异。徐淮平原聚落规模大而稀疏;淮阴平原聚落规模相对大,较密集;盐城地区聚落规模小而密集。聚落被划分为盐宿地区聚落高密度分布区、徐连淮丘陵地区聚落中密度分布区、淮阴平原过渡性聚落均匀分布区及徐淮平原聚落稀疏分布区四种典型的类型区。     

艺术介入背景下的乡村景观再生产研究

乡村景观研究多注重物质层面的讨论,与之相关的社会文化及其权力关系分析却不常见。本研究以全面生产理论为基础构筑了以“景观”为研究对象的理论分析框架,解读了艺术介入下白族村落双廊的乡村景观再生产过程。研究发现,双廊景观再生产过程是乡村发展趋于艺术化、现代化与旅游化的过程。艺术家以催化、牵引、调节等柔性作用方式介入其中,推动景观形态的重构;介入过程作用于景观的不同结构,在经济、政治、文化等不同层面均有反馈;其实践涉及政府、居民、游客以及艺术家自身的愿景表达,促成了景观理想的主体间性。双廊的艺术乡建旅游发展之路,对我国乡村振兴战略的实施具有参考作用。     

经营户视角下北京近郊乡村旅游经营可持续性——以怀柔区莲花池村为例

大城市近郊的乡村旅游经营呈多主体参与、多业态融合特征,明确不同经营主体的发展短板、角色定位和可持续性差异,有助于确定政府帮扶对象和施力点,推动乡村振兴。本文以莲花池村为例,采用问卷调查、半结构式访谈获取数据,基于构建的分析框架剖析了乡村旅游经营群体的可持续性特征和差异。结果显示：①经营者可持续性表现出青年人高于老年人、外来人高于本地人,年龄和来源的显性差异,隐含着经营意愿和资本实力的内在区别。②经营业态与用工方式、运营方式具有对应性,民宿雇工生产、网络运营,农家乐自我雇佣、线下主导,前者经营方式可持续性普遍高于后者。③宅院的空间质量和更新能力,与旅游经营能否免于淘汰或实现晋级挂钩。宅院空间再生产过程体现出家空间与经营场所、礼制秩序与资本逻辑的博弈。④群体Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的经营组合分别为“外来青年人—民宿—资本化生产宅院”、“本地中年人—农家乐—半资本化生产宅院”、“本地老年人—半经营农家乐—渐趋生活化宅院”,对应高、中、低的经营收益,形成了群体Ⅰ>群体Ⅱ>群体Ⅲ的总体可持续性差异。     

Future Characteristics of the Elderly in Developing Countries and Their Implications for Policy

This paper explores barriers leading to continuing low levels of girls' schooling in Pakistan. More specifically, and for rural areas, the authors examine the barriers stemming from culturally associated gender in schooling, focusing, in particular, on school availability and constraints on female mobility. Logistic regressions of enrolment and attrition using secondary data from the National Adolescent and Youth Survey show that even after taking school availability into account, girls in households allowing unrestricted mobility to school had 1.5 times higher odds of ever being enrolled than those who required an escort. Once in school, the need for an escort implied 1.6 times higher odds of dropping out. The paper concludes that while investment in girls' schools, and to secondary level, is paramount for starting and continuing in school, the potential benefits will only be fully realised with accompanying measures which facilitate rural girls' mobility.     

20世纪中国农业与农村变迁的跨学科考察--中国农业历史学会第九次学术研讨会综述

在南京举行的中国农业历史学会第九次学术研讨会,集中讨论了20世纪中国农业和农村变迁问题,涉及政治、经济、社会、技术、生态等方面。交叉性、时代性、前瞻性,是本次研讨会的主要特点。     

In and Out of the Ethnographer's Shadow: “Native” Identity in the Anthropology of China

In the past two decades, many Chinese students have trained as anthropologists in the West. The study of China has been enriched by the contributions of “native” anthropologists, but the “native” is not necessarily native to the site studied; the term may not be entirely helpful in the end. At the same time, complete outsiders can still contribute effective and vivid understandings of China. Ultimately, I argue that the anthropologist's identity may not be an overwhelmingly relevant criterion of a work's value, since there are many aspects to identity in every case.