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81.
Ronald A. Davidson ? 《Social & Cultural Geography》2013,14(4):481-491
In the context of a shift away from municipal multiculturalism towards community cohesion, and in the light of renewed debates around difference, national identity and Britishness, this article sets out a geographically informed theoretical framework which focuses upon the spatial (re)construction of racial and ethnic identities. The article develops the idea of the everyday as a way of viewing the spatially contingent, complex and negotiated state of inter-ethnic relations in a specific UK city. Not only does this reveal the manner in which strong and stubborn boundaries between social groups are entrenched through the (re)enforcement of spatialised relations of power, but also how accommodations across, between and within difference are realised. Through the employment of empirical material from Leicester, England, the article contends that everyday solidarities emerge from a number of intersecting spatial influences which do not equate to abstract or fixed versions of national belonging. 相似文献
82.
Katrina Myrvang Brown 《Scottish Geographical Journal》2013,129(2):109-129
In Scotland, as elsewhere in Western Europe, many examples of historical common land have endured to the present day, but are under major pressure from the economic restructuring, socio-cultural recomposition and changing policy context that characterise contemporary rural change. For the crofting common grazings of Scotland, two particular challenges have arisen in the form of: (1) the growing difficulty of gaining sufficient livelihood contributions from traditional agriculturally-based activities; and (2) the increasing heterogeneity of rights-holders. This paper elaborates the findings of a recent survey, which sought to identify the main implications of these challenges for common grazings use and governance. An overall decline in levels of use of common grazings was identified, as well as decreasing involvement and investment in associated local institutions. This informs a discussion of the factors shaping the role of historical common land in contemporary rural spaces, an area neglected in the common property literature. 相似文献
83.
This paper examines interconnected processes of economic restructuring and representations of poor subjects that rely on imaginaries of race, ethnicity, class and rural space. We argue that poverty and privilege are mutually produced and so we focus on the representational practices of White leaders in persistently poor counties across the American Northwest. We draw from case study research to understand region-wide material and discursive processes that are contributing to economic distress and social marginalization. We interrogate the range of representational practices that White leaders employ to explain, deny and/or racialize poverty in their communities. We also draw attention to how poverty emerges from the intersection of political, economic and cultural processes operating across a range of scales and sites. We further analyze how representations of the poor and poverty rest on a host of imaginary landscapes about who belongs, who is an outsider and who has a right to a place and its services. We argue that these representations serve to invigorate neoliberal policies and silence a more critical debate about poverty in the USA. 相似文献
84.
MAREK FURMANKIEWICZ 《Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie = Journal of economic and social geography = Revue de géographie économique et humaine = Zeitschrift für ?konomische und soziale Geographie = Revista de geografía económica y social》2012,103(3):261-275
The paper analyses the processes of implementing territorial governance using the example of local action groups (LAGs) supported by the LEADER+ Pilot Programme (2005–2008) in Poland. It concludes that the partnership successes and dysfunctions observed resulted from the rationality on the part of bureaucrats and local stakeholders, which may be explained in terms of second‐generation rational choice theories. The main role in the partnerships was that played by local authorities, which often sought to retain control over resources and processes. Involvement of the private sector and local inhabitants was found to be limited. However, the partnership established did lay a sound foundation for the use of the European Union structural funds, even though they did not prove effective in launching a truly participative model of the territorial governance. 相似文献
85.
86.
Abstract: What ethical obligations do researchers have to research informants in marginalised communities in serious distress? Our “dissemination as intervention” exercise reported research findings back to a South African rural community—using a dialogical approach which sought to strengthen participants’ confidence and ability to respond more effectively to HIV/AIDS. Nine workshops were conducted with 121 people. Workshops provided opportunities for participants to start developing critical understandings of the possibilities and limitations of their responses to HIV/AIDS, understandings which constitute a necessary (though obviously not sufficient) condition for further action. Workshops alerted participants to the valuable role played by local HIV/AIDS volunteers, facilitating reflection on how local people might better support the volunteers. These discussions served as the impetus for the establishment of a three‐year community‐led intervention to further these goals. 相似文献
87.
Jarmo Rusanen Toivo Muilu Alfred Copaert Arvo Naukkarinen 《Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie = Journal of economic and social geography = Revue de géographie économique et humaine = Zeitschrift für ?konomische und soziale Geographie = Revista de geografía económica y social》2001,92(2):139-147
The use of georeferenced data in geographical research into unemployment reveals internal fluctuations and differences within localities. The observation unit in the present paper is a 1x1 km grid cell. The results obtained here indicate that the rate of unemployment in Finland during 1993–95 was highest in the most sparsely populated cells. The duration of unemployment in 1993 was longest in the centres and suburbs of major cities, and it was also very long in the most sparsely populated cells. In the largest ten cities, the areas with the highest unemployment rate mainly remained the same during 1989–96; more than 60% of the cells with the highest unemployment rates in 1989 also fell within the same quartile in 1996. Restricting the availability of grid‐based information would have a contrasting impact on analysis. If data on cells containing five people or fewer had not been available, it would have meant a loss of 42.3% of the total inhabited cells and a 2.4% loss in population. 相似文献
88.
文章以甘肃省农村居民为个案,基于甘肃省526位农村居民的微观调查数据,对西部典型地区农村居民旅游消费特征及其影响因素进行了定量考察。研究表明:甘肃省农村居民旅游消费观念落后,消费意愿不够强烈,出游频数较低,年均旅游消费支出相当有限,偏好与亲友结伴出游,出游时间主要集中于农闲时间,出游目的主要以探亲访友和观光游览为主,出游选择的交通工具主要为汽车和火车,亲友介绍是其获取旅游信息的主要渠道。与东、中部较发达地区农村居民旅游消费有所不同,可自由支配收入及旅游产品价格依然是影响甘肃省农村居民旅游消费的主导因素。 相似文献
89.
长江三角洲是我国经济发展最迅速、乡镇企业成长最快的地域。从1970到1998近30年的时间中,尤其是从1978到1998年,锡山市域乡村集镇发生了巨大变化,其发展经历了数量由多到少,规模由小到大的过程。数量的变化本身体现了无锡市区空间和集镇规模的扩大和功能的增强。本文首先从1970年的地形图和1984、1991、1998三年的遥感影像上提取锡山市乡村集镇的空间扩展变化信息,在地理信息系统软件中进行叠置分析,然后建立乡村集镇扩展的模型,为乡村集镇空间扩展趋势的预测、规划提供依据。论文提供了三种乡村集镇扩展的模型:线型模型、幂函数模型和指数函数模型,而幂函数模型是预测今后集镇发展规模较理想的模型。 相似文献
90.