A neolithic case of down syndrome?*

Abstract

The aim of the study is to draw attention to the existence of a Neolithic figurine from Greece with characteristics compatible with Down syndrome. We have reviewed the relevant medical and archaeological literature, and we have compared photographs of the figurine with photographs of a patient with typical Down syndrome (DS). From the above data we conclude that the 7000 years old artefact may well be the most ancient representation of the disease in Western civilisation.     

Historiographical perspectives on 1940s Futurism

The 1940s are undoubtedly the years most neglected by scholars of Futurism. This essay examines critical responses to the period over the last fifty years, considering how the failure to engage with it reflects a more general – and surprisingly persistent – belief that to all intents and purposes Futurism ended in 1915. It also notes how this phase has been considered beyond redemption, politically speaking, as a result of the movement's enduring support for Fascism in its most brutal and destructive years, and artistically substandard as a consequence of its readiness to produce works of explicit propaganda in an easily accessible, figurative vocabulary. However, the essay argues that the 1940s cannot truly be said to reveal a rupture in the ideology and art of Futurism – which had long celebrated war and violence, and which resists purely formalist interpretation. Moreover, this concluding period might even be said to have witnessed a reawakening of the movement's original visionary spirit, engendered by the fragmentation and collapse of both Mussolini's regime and the industrialized Italy celebrated by Futurist artists and poets for more than thirty years.     

金沙遗址出土金蛙之寓意探析

根据文献记载和考古资料的探析,金沙遗址盎箔蛙形怖是古代蜀人的崇奉象征,是举行“祭蛙求雨”祭祀仪式后的珍贵遗存,     

Rocks of ages: propagation of hot-rock cookery in western North America

Cook-stone technology's Old-World roots were established by 30,000 B.P. and reappeared in the New World by 10,000 B.P., after millennia of direct-fire cooking. Hot-rock cookery, which is necessary for foods that require prolonged cooking, facilitated land-use intensification by affording greater utilization of nutrients in available foods on a given landscape. This technology gradually diversified during the early Holocene in western North America. By 4000 B.P. its initial intensification was underway; final intensification began by 2000 B.P. and typically peaked during the last 1500 years. Propagation of hot-rock cookery exemplifies pre-Columbian food crises and signals carbohydrate revolutions wherein more high-cost foods feed growing populations. As modeled, cook-stone griddles, earth ovens and steaming pits with rock heating elements are more costly facilities, insofar as fuel is used to heat rocks that, in turn, extend cooking time and temperature. More expensive still is stone boiling, given that fuel heats rocks that, in turn, heat water that cooks the food. Even more expensive in terms of energy expended is the manufacture of heating elements in the form of stone, ceramic, and metal cooking containers, all of which afford further evidence of land-use intensification.     

仙居岩画述论

本文详细介绍了仙居岩画的分布及画面内容,并主要从岩画的刻凿工具、图像特征、民俗学色彩等方面对岩画的制作时代作初步探讨,并从古越先民的农事意识、生活形态、宗教意识等方面对岩画的文化内涵提出了自己的见解。     

略论西方铜版画艺术在中国明清时期的传播

本文从西方铜版画艺术在明清时期传入中国引发的西画东渐入手,分析了西方铜版画在华从传播到出版的历程,最终揭示了外来文化艺术熔融于中国社会的关键所在：即必须建立在适合的社会生活和社会基础之上。     

钱穆的学术史方法与史识——义理、考据与辞章之辨

钱穆在中国学术文化思想史研究方面提出了许多重要思想,其中,关于义理、考据和辞章的思想是最核心和基本的。他从民族文化保守主义出发,吸收继承了中国学术思想史上的相关思想成果,从学(科)术分类和研究方法论两个层面对义理、考据和辞章的内涵和相互关系作了许多新的阐释。他的这些思想在中国现代学术思想史上既有重要价值,也有不少局限。     

石涛与张大千创作特色之比较

石涛和张大千都善于师古人,都重视师造化,作品都讲求气势,是他们创怍特色的相同之处。怛两人艺术个性不同,用笔、用墨特点不同,表现手段不同,则构成了他们刨作特色的区别。     

20世纪史家论历史文学

本文概述了 2 0世纪历史文学研究的历程 ,把 2 0世纪史家关于历史文学的观点归纳为三种 :一是强调科学性而不主张使用文学笔法 ,代表人物是陈垣、何炳松 ;二是强调历史写作的艺术性 ,代表人物是梁启超、张荫麟 ;三是既强调科学性 ,又重视艺术性 ,提出“准确、凝练、生动”的历史文学原则 ,代表人物是白寿彝。认为应当继承和发扬 2 0世纪史家在历史著述方面的优良学风     

Geochemistry of the Bagnères-de-Bigorre thermal waters from the North Pyrenean Zone (France)

Thermal springs are poorly known in the sedimentary sites of the Pyrenees. In this paper, we describe the ‘Bagnères‐de‐Bigorre’ springs which occur in a remarkably active seismotectonic context. A chemical and isotopic study of 15 spring waters (both cold and thermal, ranging in temperature from 7.0 to 49.9°C), and continuous monitoring of a single spring allow us to characterise water–rock interactions, fluids paths and mixing processes. Three groups of waters are distinguished: (I) SO₄²⁺–Ca²⁺–Cl^– thermal waters (II) SO₄²⁺–Cl^––Ca²⁺ thermal waters and (III) HCO₃^––Ca²⁺ cold shallow waters. Their characteristics suggest interactions with Mesozoic evaporite and carbonate formations. O and D isotopes from thermal waters indicate a local meteoric origin of Atlantic signature and a recharge elevation of 800 to 1000 m, which corresponds to a single feeding area. Their δ¹³C values (?2.8 to ?9.6‰) are consistent with carbonate dissolution, slight fractionation and a surficial organic input leading to δ¹³C depletion. Sr isotopes (0.70751 to 0.70777), Na⁺/Cl^– and (Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺)/SO₄^2– ratios as well as thermodynamic calculations show that the dissolution of anhydrite and halite‐bearing Triassic layers control the chemical composition of group‐I and ‐II waters. The contrasting trends of cation/Cl^– ratios and TDS of waters from groups I and II suggest the existence of two different circulation paths at depth as well as dilution with surficial waters similar to group III. Calculated mixing proportions show that three waters from group I are diluted from 17 to 66%, whereas all waters from group II are mixed. The aquifer temperature is estimated to be in the range 55–64°C using the retrograde and prograde solubilities of anhydrite and chalcedony, respectively. Accordingly, the mean depth of the reservoir is around 1.7 km, which allows us to constrain the depth of the Triassic layer.