制度变迁与人的经济价值——关于“模糊产权”的成因考察

长期以来,学界对模糊产权的形成原因的分析,集中于乡镇企业的外部制度环境的改变对制度形成的影响。文章从乡镇企业产生、发展的历史背景出发,对“模糊产权”的成因进行了另一角度的分析:认为乡镇企业“模糊产权”的成因主要是在政府经济改革背景下,人的经济价值的提高导致的一种产权要求的表现。     

The impact of crime on firm entry

The article investigates the effect of crime on firm entry rates in Italian provinces over the period 2007–2016. The extant literature focuses mainly on the relationship between crime and the sorting of new businesses. The present paper contributes to this stream of work by estimating the effect of crime on the overall propensity to engage in entrepreneurial activities across a national territory. We measure the extent to which property and violent crime affect firm entry rates using an instrumental variable approach in which the instrument for criminal activity is the effective abortion rate. Our findings suggest that crime has a negative, sizable impact on firm entry. The results are robust to alternative instrumental variables and firm entry indicators. This empirical exercise emphasizes the need to consider loss of new business activities as a downstream effect when computing the social costs of crime.     

Networks of Speculation: Making Land Markets on Myanmar Facebook

Digital platforms have changed how property is sold and valued in the Global North, yet little is known about digital tools in emerging land markets. Drawing on in situ and digital ethnography, we argue that Facebook plays a key role in making a new kind of market in Myanmar, one in which land is transformed into a speculative asset, exchanged across ever-expanding networks. While commodification is familiar within longer histories of capitalism, this case highlights the significance of digital platforms to the contemporary remaking of property relations. Unlike classic cases of market-making enabled by active state regulation, Myanmar’s digital land markets were forged in the context of state absence by brokers who harnessed the technological affordances of social media to increase the scale, scope and speed of transactions. This creative re-appropriation of the platform forged new, unregulated digital markets that ultimately accumulated corporate profits and intensified participant risk.     

Place in legal geography: Agency and application in agriculture research

Systemic failure of our land management, legal, and regulatory institutions is revealed by the serious and adverse social and environmental impacts of land use practices in private agriculture, evident in severe land and water degradation, precipitous decline in biodiversity, and reduced resilience to natural hazards and climate change. The efficacy of the standard treatment of environmental law and regulation is often hampered by the cultural and legal priority of property rights. We take a different approach, using legal geography to refocus attention on the salience and agency of place and responses to degradation, such as conservation farming and regenerative agriculture, which are reforming dominant land management cultures and institutions from within. By recognising the role of place in leading geographically responsive land use decision-making and more sustainable, resilient, and productive agricultural practices, an alternative model of private land ownership may be possible, as well as greater environmental sustainability. For researchers, our approaches too must be sensitive and responsive to place agency and our methodologies must evolve to acknowledge the agency of place. Place agency in legal geography has great potential for application in reforming suboptimal industrial agricultural practices and legal models of property ownership, and also for revitalising our scholarship.     

使用FileMaker构建个性化文物管理数据库的实践

"三普"软件作为文物数据的采集软件,其数据全面、完整,但在基层文物单位日常工作中,其操作性不佳、使用不便。为了更好地整合、利用这些多元的信息,研究使用FileMaker数据库构建个性化的文物普查数据利用环境,增强系统的操作性和便捷性,实现普查数据在移动终端上的共享,提升文物信息资源的发掘利用水平,让文物工作者可以轻松自制文物数据管理系统。结果表明,量身定制一套符合自身实际工作需求的文物管理系统,是让少量科研经费发挥较大效用的一个切实有效的方法。     

试论徽州地理环境对徽商和徽派民居建筑的影响

文章从文化生态学角度,论述了徽州地理环境对徽商和徽派民居建筑的影响,认为:1、徽州人商业活动起源于徽州物产"结构性失调",徽州"地狭人稠"促使"徽民寄命于商";2、徽商经营行业受徽州地理环境影响,以徽州物产余缺为基础;3、徽州群山环抱,陆路交通闭塞,新安江等水路从而成为徽商境内外贸易的主要通道;4、徽商投资产业多在徽州以外地域,明显受徽州物产和市场因素影响;5、徽州民居建筑在选址、用地、材料、结构、造型等方面,与徽州地理环境和谐、协调。     

《汪氏典业阉书》研究——清代徽商典当业的一个实例

《汪氏典业阉书》是研究徽商的新资料。其内容反映了徽州典商跨入近代社会门槛时资本运作的情况。阄书之“总帐”载明清代徽典资本构成为两部分：“承祖业分受财本”和“生息资本”。其中社会存款约占总资本的28％。“墨议”中“四典并无会票在外”一款说明徽典普遍经营会票,具有良好的商业信用。汪氏典业析产和徽典经营会票不能获利的情况表明,在当时市场条件下,徽商资本已难以壮大。     

深圳商品住宅二级市场不规范行为及治理对策

深圳是房地产法律法规相对健全,市场发育相对成熟的地区。深圳房地产市场面临的问题,在国内有一定先行性和代表性。总结深圳房地产市场存在的问题,剖析其原因,提出治理对策,对国内其他城市和地区有一定指导和借鉴意义。本文利用2002年深圳市在售楼盘调查资料,归纳出了深圳商品住宅二级市场不规范行为的28种具体表现,揭示了相关制度不尽合理、开发商(中介商)存在投机心理、购房业主自我保护意识不强、管理部门监管难度大等原因,最后提出通过完善制度和加强管理予以规范和治理。     

‘A Reward for so Meritorious an Action’ ? Lord Hervey's Summons to the House of Lords and Walpole's Management of the Upper Chamber (1727–42)

In 1733 Lord Hervey was summoned to the house of lords early. The move has traditionally been seen as part of an effort by Walpole to increase his ministry's strength in the upper chamber in spite of objections voiced by allies such as the duke of Newcastle. This essay seeks to reconsider the circumstances of the move and question more broadly the management of the Lords during the ‘Robinocracy’.