Migration of metamorphic CO2 into a coal seam: a natural analog study to assess the long‐term fate of CO2 in Coal Bed Carbon Capture,Utilization, and Storage Projects

This study assesses the displacement of coalbed methane by CO₂ migration along a fault into the coal seam in the Yaojie coalfield. Coal and gas samples were collected continuously at various distances in NO.2 coal seam from F19 fault. Vitrinite reflectance, maceral, and pore distributions and proximate analysis of fourteen coal samples were performed. Gas components, concentrations, carbon isotopes of 28 gas samples were determined. We examined the coal–gas trace characteristics of coalbed methane displaced away from the fault by CO₂ injection after geological ages. From east to west, away from the F19 fault, the CO₂ concentration decreased, whereas the CH₄ concentration increased gradually. The δ¹³C values for CO₂ varied between ?9.94‰ and 1.12‰, suggesting a metamorphic origin. A wider range of values (from ?9.94‰ to 20‰) was associated with the mixing of microbial carbon dioxide, isotopic fractionation during CO₂ migration through the microporous structures of coals, and/or carbon isotope fractionation during gas–water exchange and dissolution of CO₂. Away from the F19 fault, the volumes of micropores, mesopores and macropores decrease gradually. The Dubinin–Radushkevich (DR) micropore volume decreased from 0.0059 to 0.0037 cm³ g^‐1, and the mesopore and macropore volumes decreased from 0.066 to 0.026 cm³ g^‐1. The CO₂ injection can mobilize aromatic hydrocarbons and mineral matter from coal matrix, resulting in the decrease in the absorption peak intensity for coal samples after supercritical CO₂ treatment, which indicates that chemical reactions occur between coal and CO₂, not only physical adsorption.     

“山东定陶王墓地（王陵）M2汉墓保护工程”设计研究

山东定陶王墓地（王陵）M2汉墓为目前我国已发掘规模最大的“黄肠题凑”汉墓,201 3年被公布第七批全国重点文物保护单位.20 14年,中国文化遗产研究院组织编制的“山东定陶王墓地（王陵）M2汉墓保护工程方案”获国家文物局审批通过.本文概述了“山东定陶王墓地（王陵）M2汉墓保护工程”的项目背景、项目设计、任务分解及各个子项目工作的开展情况.     

从《张家山汉简》谈汉初的户赋与户刍

本文从《张家山汉简》所出汉初法律条文着手,对汉初户赋和户刍的性质进行了细致分析,指出二者是一种特殊性质的户税,具有税率很轻的特点。由此,进一步探讨了汉代户税的演变过程,认为文景与武帝时期社会状况的变化是导致汉代户税不断加重又突然消失的重要原因。     

Gas breakthrough pressure for hydrocarbon reservoir seal rocks: implications for the security of long-term CO2 storage in the Weyburn field

This paper reports a laboratory study of the gas breakthrough pressure for different gas/liquid systems in the Mississippian‐age Midale Evaporite. This low‐permeability rock formation is the seal rock for the Weyburn Field in southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada, where CO₂ is being injected into an oil reservoir for enhanced recovery and CO₂ storage. A technique for experimentally determining CO₂ breakthrough pressure at reservoir conditions is presented. Breakthrough pressures for N₂, CO₂ and CH₄ were measured with the selected seal‐rock samples. The maximum breakthrough pressure is over 30 MPa for N₂ and approximately 21 MPa for CO₂. The experimental results demonstrate that the Weyburn Midale Evaporite seal rock is of high sealing quality. Therefore, the Weyburn reservoir and Midale Beds can be used as a CO₂ storage site after abandonment. The measured results also show that the breakthrough pressure of a seal rock for a gas is nearly proportional to the interfacial tension of the gas/brine system. The breakthrough pressure of a CO₂/brine system is significantly reduced compared with that of a CH₄/brine system because of the much lower interfacial tension of the former. This implies that a seal rock that seals the original gas in a gas reservoir or an oil reservoir with a gas cap may not be tight enough to seal the injected CO₂ if the pressure during or after CO₂ injection is the same or higher than the original reservoir pressure. Therefore, reevaluation of the breakthrough pressure of seal rocks for a given reservoir is necessary and of highest priority once it is chosen as a CO₂ storage site.     

移动搜索法在教育公共服务可达性评价中的改进与应用——以福州城区幼儿园为例

采用可变步长的两步移动搜索法,以福建省福州市为典型案例,以居民点（普查小区）为分析单元,对各居民点入园空间可达性进行了测算,并与传统的两步移动搜索法进行对比分析,综合判别学前教育资源空间分布特点。研究表明：福州城区入园可达性总体情况并不理想,仅有少数地区、少量人群可以获得较好的幼儿园空间的可达性。入园可达性在地理空间上呈现出多中心结构,高可达性地区主要分布在市中心并在城市周围零星分布,边缘乡镇特别是除西部以外的乡镇地区缺教明显,入园可达性在城区内部差异较大,幼儿园资源过剩地区和稀缺地区呈两极分化的格局。可变步长的两步移动搜索法能更为客观有效地对幼儿园的布局状况进行评价。而传统方法有一定的夸大作用,且降低了内部的差异,在一定程度上掩饰了幼儿园资源分布的不公平现象。     

Governor Stone: Analysis of an 1877 Two-masted Schooner from the Gulf of Mexico

This article details the historic preservation documentation and construction analysis of the 1877 American 2-masted schooner Governor Stone , a National Historic Landmark. Governor Stone 's construction reflects its intended use as a general freight and oyster schooner, and to a lesser degree its geographic origin along the Gulf of Mexico. While the physical environment of the Gulf Coast necessarily constrained the size of these vessels, 2-masted schooners of the Gulf Coast generally exhibit similarities with their contemporary functional equivalents of other American regions rather than stylistic elements unique to their geography.
© 2004 The Nautical Archaeology Society     

河南安阳市殷墟郭家庄东南五号商代墓葬

2006年11月,安阳市文物工作队对郭家庄东南的一座商代贵族墓葬进行发掘。该墓为土坑竖穴墓,一椁一棺。墓内随葬品共计63件,有陶器、青铜器、玉石器、骨器、蚌器和贝币。该墓的时代为殷墟文化第二期,墓主人是旅长或高级贵族。该墓是近年在殷墟外围地区发现的较重要的墓葬之一。     

The effect of congestion and agglomeration on multifactor productivity growth in Dutch regions

It is well known that labour productivity growth in Europe isslowing down, against an increasing growth rate in the US. TheNetherlands is one of the countries in Europe with the lowestgrowth rates of productivity. This article looks at this phenomenonfrom a regional perspective and presents the results of a growthaccounting exercise applied to regional industry data of TheNetherlands between 1995 and 2002. We find that slow productivitygrowth in The Netherlands is particularly situated in the economiccore regions and is caused by slow multifactor productivity(mfp) growth. A substantial part of this slow mfp-growth canbe explained by the fact that positive agglomeration advantagesare overruled by negative congestion effects caused by trafficjams.