Living with everyday environmental risks: giving a voice to young people in the design of community-based risk communication programs in the city of San Luis Potosí, México

Risk communication programs (RCPs) can contribute to the improvement of community health in marginalized settlements by improving health-related information and practices. Yet, there is a need to include young people's concerns in the design and implementation of RCPs. This study analyses young peoples’ risk perceptions in the city of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, using visual methods such as drawings and photography. Research was conducted with 74 students from two deprived urban neighborhoods. Results indicate that the use of visual techniques enabled them to identify environmental health risks such as unhealthy sedentary habits and the exposure to hazardous items. We conclude that visual methods may help young people to critically reflect on everyday elements in their environment that affect their well-being. By giving them a voice in a reflexive way, visual methods may engage young people as key multipliers in the awareness raising process, and promote their sense of everyday agency.     

浅议澳门的城市发展

本文通过对澳门城市的市民城市感受和城市原型的分析,以揭示由地域社会中特有文化集团意识所左右的城市深层结构,为澳门城市开发和改建提供依据。     

敦煌市居民旅游感知及态度研究

本对敦煌旅游业的发展状况做了初步分析;深入调查研究了敦煌市区居民对旅游影响的感知以及对旅游业发展的态度。结果表明,目前敦煌正处于旅游生命周期的“成熟巩固阶段”;敦煌市区居民对旅游正面影响的感知明显强于对负面影响的感知;并已形成了较为鲜明的“有矛盾的支持”、“热爱”、。现实主义”、“顾虑”和“憎恨”等5类群体,但后两类居民所占比例很小;居民总体上对旅游业的发展持较为理智的支持态度;不同人口统计学特征居民的感知及态度存在一定的差异。最后建议通过建立健全的旅游社区参与机制,来调控敦煌市居民对旅游影响的感知。     

A long entanglement with nature: Flyfishers in the wild

Large wild areas are important for both nature conservation and nature-based recreation. Information on the reciprocal relationships between recreators and the environments in which they recreate can help both conservation and recreation management. We considered motivations, perceptions, environmental concerns, and social concerns among flyfishers who recreate within the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area on the Central Plateau of Tasmania, Australia. Using semi-structured interviews with 27 participants, we established that they were motivated by a love of nature, desire for experience, escapism, connection, and challenge. On the basis of motivations and attitudes, we discriminated four groups of flyfishers: “social” (those who fish with friends), “trophy” (lone fishers who are goal-oriented), “outdoor enthusiast” (those who enjoy the outdoor experience, fishing optional), and “hunter-gatherer” (those prepared to travel long distances for catch). Nonetheless, all groups perceived environmental and social problems related to fishing and visitation behaviours, from littering to climate change. Fishers perceived environmental problems included identifying exotic weeds and pests but did not specifically include trout as a pest, despite their exotic status and adverse effects on native ecosystems. However, flyfishers were aware of most of their impacts and were willing to help mitigate them. Such insight is significant for geographers and those in associated disciplines and professions seeking to manage wild protected areas.     

江南文化古镇居民旅游影响感知及其形成机理——以同里为例

本文以江南文化古镇同里为例,借助质性访谈与问卷调查探讨古镇居民对旅游影响的感知。结果表明:同里古镇居民对当地旅游发展存有正面和负面双重感知,主要体现在经济、社会、文化、环境等各个方面;具体感知维度可分为"原真性削弱与环境恶化"、"经济获益和生活改善"、"成本增加和分配不公"、"社会失序"、"地方认同与思想更新"、"文化传承和形象提升",整体上积极感知强于消极感知,但对地方旅游发展引发的负面效应感知日益增强;由此,从直接经验、社会互动以及媒体影响3个层面对古镇居民旅游影响感知形成机理进行深入剖析,并据此提出相应建议和对策。     

居民对城市社区内非赌场类博彩的感知差异——以香港为例

香港的非赌场类博彩发展成熟,是研究此类博彩产业的良好案例。本研究采取问卷调查的方式,收集可供分析的603份问卷,采用单因子方差分析(one way ANOVA)等统计手段,得出以下研究结论:香港居民对于博彩业发展的态度不算积极;居民由于性别、年龄、受教育程度和职业的不同,出现对于博彩业态度与感知的差异。男性、老年人、受教育程度较高的人、中产阶级更加支持博彩发展或者更多的感知到其带来的正面影响,主要在于他们从中得到了更多的利益。本研究为香港政府进一步规划和管制非赌博类博彩业发展提供参考依据。     

流动人口对流入地的环境感知及其对定居意愿的影响——基于福州市的调查

基于福州市流动人口调查数据,从生态环境、人文环境和制度环境3个方面分析了流动人口对流入地的环境感知及其群体差异和对定居意愿的影响。研究发现:①流动人口对流入地的环境感知存在层次性,其排序如下:生态环境 > 人文环境 > 制度环境;②流动人口对流入地的环境感知存在群体差异,性别、职业类型、个人及家庭收入和方言适应程度的影响显著;受教育程度和居留时间仅有一定影响;而年龄、婚姻状况的影响不显著;③在控制了个体特征后,流动人口对流入地的环境感知对于提高其定居意愿具有显著的促进作用。     

地方记忆:空间感知基点影响地方依恋的关键因素

本文研究了空间感知基点的改变影响地方依恋持续性的关键因素。研究表明:①一个地方进行空间要素的形式改建、位置移动或色彩变换会导致空间感知基点的变化,进而引发地方依恋的减弱或中断,因变化后的空间物质要素和人们的地方记忆不符,从而引起地方的不认同。②当环境感知基点的改变迎合了人们的心理或某些功能需求后,地方记忆对地方依恋的支配地位便受到影响,因而依恋不会显著降低且可能增强。③地方记忆包括童年记忆,校园记忆和成年记忆,且内容一般与休闲活动相关,其中前两类最不容受侵犯。     

南京夫子庙历史文化街区景观偏好的游后感知实证研究

本文以历史文化街区为例,运用瑟思顿态度比较评价模型,定量测度了游客对南京夫子庙景观偏好的游后感知特征。研究结果显示:(1)从时间维度分析,游客对夫子庙的时间感知差异随参观时间的流逝不断升华,逐渐由浅层次的一般性体验上升至深层次的高峰性体验,进而演化成整体感知中最核心的体验要素;从内容分析,游后感知呈现出与空间感知分异相对应的儒学文化→商业文化→雅士文化依次递减的特征;总体而言,游客对夫子庙游后感知差异存在光环区、亚光环区和灰度区三个区段。(2)旅游开发使夫子庙儒学文化受到其它文化干扰,商业文化存在"泛商业化现象",雅士文化存在传承载体和方式的弱化。属于自己特有的文化内涵如何传承应引起重视。     

符号学视角下的旅游体验研究——西溪湿地的个案分析

本文以西溪湿地为例,将符号的解读和建构问题纳入到旅游体验中进行考察。在文献分析和实地调研的基础上,通过分层聚类、交互分析等方法,对西溪旅游者体验动机的符号感知、体验过程的符号解读以及体验质量的符号要素构建进行了实证分析。结果表明,休闲浪漫是旅游者对西溪的基本符号感知,不同符号类型旅游者人口社会属性和旅游行为存在结构差异,体验的质量也不尽相同;结合体验效果的符号要素相关性解读,不仅为研究旅游体验的本质提供了新的符号学理论视野,也为丰富和强化旅游体验提供了有效的操作途径。