身份认同与具身体验内在响应研究——以中国“同志”赴泰旅游为例

同性恋旅游正在成为一个全新的旅游细分市场,而身份认同作为中国“同志”在旅游过程中的自我认同和身份的确认,在旅游体验的获得上具有较为紧密的关联。身份认同与旅游具身体验的响应研究以中国“同志”赴泰旅游为例,通过16位中国“同志”旅游者五天四夜的赴泰旅游日记的撰写,并结合后续通过3位日记撰写受访者和6位赴泰旅游的受访者的深度访谈逐字稿进行访谈,探讨中国“同志”赴泰的身份认同与具身体验响应的内在关联研究。研究表明,中国“同志”赴泰旅游体验是实现身份认同和自我认同的具身性实践和反思,也是叙事性内容建构的过程,进而得出身份认同与旅游具身体验内在关联的叙事过程性空间模型。本研究将补足深化和拓宽亚洲“同志”的身份认同与具身体验的研究较少的现状,做了进一步的细分旅行者行为和心理的研究。     

时空间行为视角下的城市社会融合研究

城市转型背景下的社会极化与社会融合问题是城市地理学研究的重要议题。国内外文献多关注社区尺度上的社会融合特征及其地理环境要素,由此形成了基于居住空间视角的社会融合研究传统。但这一研究视角过于静态和片面,难以在个体移动性不断提高、日常活动空间不断拓展的背景下深刻揭示社会融合的动态过程以及地理环境要素的微观影响机理。本文在对城市社会融合的国内外研究文献进行梳理的基础上,讨论基于居住空间视角的社会融合研究存在的不足,构建时空间行为视角下的城市社会融合研究理论框架。本文提出,从微观层面的个体移动性与时空行为约束的视角,能够基于个体日常活动—移动行为更准确地刻画个体社会交往的动态地理情境,并从居民日常生活的时空约束、公共接触潜力、时空间行为策略等方面来识别地理环境要素影响社会融合的过程与机制。在此基础上,本文展望城市社会融合研究的可能研究议题与方法论发展方向,有助于推进中国城市社会融合研究的多元化和人本化。     

Life and death at precolumbian Lavoutte,Saint Lucia,Lesser Antilles

Abstract

The Caribbean archaeological record requires immediate attention and protection. Development and natural forces have impacted archaeological sites, destroying or severely damaging them. The precolumbian site of Lavoutte, located in northern Saint Lucia, has been known as a major Late Ceramic Age (a.d. 1000–1500) settlement since the 1960s, but it has been damaged over the past decades by both natural and human processes. Multidisciplinary field and laboratory methodologies were implemented during a rescue project at the site from 2009 to 2010. This paper presents the results of collaborative efforts between local and international organizations. The first goal was to demonstrate the importance of protection and rescue of endangered archaeological sites. Secondly, we aimed to show that by adopting a multidisciplinary approach including artifact analysis, bioarchaeology, paleoenvironmental reconstruction, and geochemistry, severely damaged sites can be of significant informational value.     

Evidence from the Yana Palaeolithic site,Arctic Siberia,yields clues to the riddle of mammoth hunting

It has become commonplace to talk about humans hunting mammoths, and overhunting is thought to have been one of the causes of the mammoth extinction. However, definite evidence of mammoth kills by humans remains surprisingly scarce. Here we show convincing evidence of mammoth hunting in the Siberian Arctic between 29 000 and 27 000 ¹⁴C years BP. Our data set, from the Yana Upper Palaeolithic site (Siberian Arctic), includes the following: fragments of lithic points and ivory shaft embedded in two mammoth scapulae; two identical holes made by projectiles in a mammoth scapula and a pelvic bone; mammoth tongue bones found in the cultural layer far away from the main mammoth bone accumulation, indicating the consumption of fresh mammoth meat; and a narrow mammoth bone size distribution, implying hunting selection based on animal size. The data suggest that Palaeolithic Yana humans hunted mammoths sporadically, presumably when ivory was needed for making tools. Such non-intensive hunting practiced by humans over millennia would not be fatal to a sustainable mammoth population.     

The Neurosciences Research Program at MIT and the Beginning of the Modern Field of Neuroscience

The interdisciplinary field, “neuroscience,” began at MIT in 1962 with the founding of the Neurosciences Research Program (NRP) by Francis O. Schmitt and a group of US and international scientists — physical, biological, medical, and behavioral — interested in understanding the brain basis of behavior and mind. They organized and held specialist meetings of basic topics in neuroscience, and the journal and book publications over the next 20 years, based on these meetings, helped establish the new field.     

Russian Investment in the Commonwealth of Independent States

The paper by three RAND Corporation specialists analyzes the extent, rationale, and role of Russian investment in other member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Based on a unique, comprehensive survey, it evaluates differences between Russian and Western investors—in particular, the effects of Russian business practices in promoting or retarding reforms directed at expanding market activities, improving governance, and reducing corruption. The authors also assess the extent of Russian government involvement in investment decisions and explore whether that government has an operational agenda for encouraging investment in other countries of the CIS. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F21, F23, O18. 4 figures, 4 tables, 37 references, 2 appendices.     

国家重点生态功能区乡村人居环境演变及影响机制——以湖北省利川市为例

采用层次分析等方法,从农民生活、生产环境、生态产品供给以及生态安全等人居环境核心领域出发,构建重点生态功能区乡村人居环境评价体系,对1998-2012年间利川市乡村人居环境做了评价,剖析了自然生态环境、社会经济要素空间变化特征。研究表明:①重点生态功能区乡村人居环境建设时序演变历经传统发展、过渡发展、生态化建设三个阶段,人居环境系统及影响因子在不同时期呈现出不同的特征;②社会经济环境、生态环境空间格局变化显著,主要表现为农村人口向盆地、城镇集聚,城乡收入差距增大,河流流域生态环境改善,高山区生态脆弱性增强;③农户行为受政策调控作用由无序、扭曲化向规范化变迁,政策调控与农户行为互动作用促使重点生态功能区乡村人居环境演变。     

旅游同伴角色对旅游者行为的制约影响——以香港海洋公园为例

随着旅游业不断发展,当今社会,大众型旅游模式已不能满足人们的个性化旅游需求,自由行、自助游等旅游模式悄然占据市场主体地位。大多数散客与家人/朋友/同学/同事等结伴出游。从时间地理学的制约思想和认知供给理论来看,旅游者的行为因此受到旅游同伴的制约影响。如何选择旅游同伴,选择怎样的旅游同伴成为旅游者首先要考虑的问题。本文以香港海洋公园为例,企图探寻同伴角色与旅游者行为制约要素之间的关系,实证结果表明旅游同伴包含不同的角色-家人、朋友、同学、同事、旅游团,不同的角色对旅游者行为制约因素的影响力不同。     

国家地质公园品牌个性对游客行为意图的影响——以陕西翠华山国家地质公园为例

国家地质公园品牌个性的构成及其对游客行为的影响研究还处于浅层次发展阶段。为此,本研究基于前期成果,采取"审视-批判-借鉴-验证"的研究思路,以陕西翠华山国家地质公园为实证调查地,探索国家地质公园品牌个性对游客行为意图的影响,为此本文两次构建结构方程模型,以期获得更为深入的研究结论研究。结果显示:①已有研究的国家地质公园品牌个性维度命名存在一定的偏差,通过纠正检验,得知国家地质公园品牌个性整体构成对游客行为意图存在正向显著影响;②国家地质公园品牌个性各维度对游客行为意图的影响具有明显的异质性特征,维度中景观呈现特征与审美体验特征对游客行为意图具有正向影响,而科学探究特征对游客行为意图影响不显著。     

信息技术对南京城市居民休闲活动与出行的影响

从网络休闲角度出发,运用结构方程模型就信息技术对南京城市居民休闲活动与出行的影响进行实证研究,探索居民社会经济属性、信息化水平、网络休闲活动和出行之间的关系。结果显示:信息技术对南京城市居民的休闲活动已经产生了广泛的影响;而网络休闲活动的增加也确实减少了居民每日的非必要性出行时间,说明对居民出行有替代或修正性的影响;此外,居民的社会经济属性是影响居民网络休闲活动和出行选择的根本,其中,年龄和学历,学历和收入,分别是当前影响居民网络休闲活动状况以及居民出行方式选择的关键。