农税免征:能跳出黄宗羲定律吗?

中国历史上几次著名的田赋改革最终都没有跳出黄宗羲定律的陷阱,农税免征能贯彻到底吗?在威权政治下无限政府的运作框架内,任何税赋改革都是治标不治本,庞大的官僚机构最终会在财政危机的压力下伸出摊派之手,因此破解黄宗羲定律的法门是实现无限政府、管制政府向有限政府、服务政府转型。     

居住生态社区的内涵及其指标体系初探

本文对居住生态社区的内涵进行了分析,建立了居住生态社区的测度指标体系。指标体系涉及生态住区的硬件、软件和心件(文化)等方面的内容。作者认为,居住生态社区并不是某个单一指标的完善,而是多个指标协同发展的社会-经济-自然复合生态系统。     

广州城市内部居住迁移空间特征及其影响因素研究

居住迁移是家庭居住消费的空间调整过程,也是城市重构的基础动力,是西方地理学、规划学和社会学研究的主要内容。利用2001年和2005年在广州市进行的家庭住房问卷调查结果,文章分析了居住迁移空间特征、方向特征以及居住迁移方向的影响因素。分析结果显示,广州市居住迁移空间以就近迁移为主,在同一行政区范围内和邻近行政区间的迁移比重非常高,但从阶段演化来看,就近迁移有弱化趋势。迁移方向以老城区内和外围区内的迁移为主,其次为以老城区向外围区迁移。住房产权、家庭生命周期、家庭收入和迁移时间对居住迁移方向的影响显著,居住郊区化与住房自置率提高有关;单位房和房管局房建设是郊区化的主要动力之一。     

关于对诚实信用原则适用于税法的质疑

公法与私法在性质上截然有别,所以决定了诚实信用原则适用于公法的极大的局限性。私法上多为任意性规定,公法上多为强行性规定,法律规定的就必须严格遵守,实行严格的法定主义;而诚实信用原则在于补充法律的不足,因此若将诚实信用原则适用于公法,必然会破坏公法的严格性,为公权力的扩张提供途径。     

美国城市种族居住隔离与黑人贫困化

对于美国黑人聚居区环境的产生和发展,居住隔离起到了直接的作用。居住隔离使美国大多数黑人处于从属地位,处于主流社会的边缘,并使黑人贫困持久化,进而加速了黑人经济地位的下降,使许多美国黑人陷入贫困的隔离居住环境不能自拔。     

南京居住空间分异的特征与模式研究——基于南京主城拆迁改造的透视

城市居住空间的地域分异是城市社会分化最直接的体现。本文以城市的拆迁改造为独特的切入视角,以南京市主城区为研究范围,调查获取了南京主城区所有街道近三年的拆迁改造数据,通过ArcGIS、SPSS等手段进行了数据分析,并以此为基础对近年来南京市主城区的居住空间分异模式进行了总结。文章认为,南京主城区的居住空间目前已呈现结构多元化的雏形,居住空间结构为"圈层"与"扇形"相混合模式,有从单中心向多中心发展的趋势。     

A real options approach to amenity valuation: The role of uncertainty and risk aversion

Many empirical studies in the fields of urban and environmental economics rely on the hedonic pricing framework. This paper draws attention to two important elements that are not covered by this theory: uncertainty and relocation costs. It develops a theoretical model where agents face uncertainty, but may accumulate savings as a form of self‐insurance. It shows that uncertainty pushes up relocation costs due to the option value of waiting, while self‐insurance helps to reduce this lock‐in problem. Moreover, the model suggests that the implicit price of environmental quality increases with uncertainty even if agents are risk‐neutral.     

19世纪爪哇鸦片走私中的华侨包税商

结合19世纪末华侨因为参与鸦片税收承包与鸦片走私成为社会舆论批驳焦点的史实,阐述和分析了爪哇鸦片的输入与鸦片包税制的确立、爪哇鸦片走私的兴起以及华侨鸦片包税商在走私中所扮演的角色及其原因。认为华侨并不是爪哇鸦片走私的唯一参与者,欧洲人、欧亚混血儿及爪哇本土人常常是他们的合作伙伴;无论鸦片税收承包还是鸦片走私,最终的受益者都是荷兰殖民统治者;华侨包税商在荷属印尼历史上所扮演的任何角色都是由荷兰殖民统治的利益所决定的。     

Oxygen Isotopes and Human Residential Mobility in Central Western Argentina

Stable oxygen isotopes (δ¹⁸O) from human bone apatite from central western Argentina (30º–37ºS latitude) were analysed to understand changes in human residential mobility during the Late Holocene. This region contains evidence for the use of domesticated plants over the last 2000 years (Zea mays, Cucurbita sp. and Phaseolus sp., among others), and previous models of prehistoric occupation have suggested a distinct change in mobility and population movement associated with their incorporation. The importance of these domesticates also seems to have varied geographically, being greater in the northern part of the region and declining as one moves south toward the limit with Patagonia. Expectations about patterns of residential mobility have varied accordingly. To better evaluate these models, we analysed carbonate δ¹⁸O from the bone apatite of 71 individuals with radiocarbon dates spanning the last 6000 years. Given the existing evidence, we expected to see temporal and geographic differences in their oxygen isotope values associated with changes in residential mobility and the incorporation of different sources of drinking water available within the region. These expectations were not met. Significant variations were seen across all samples compared, both temporal and geographic, with no discernible differences among them. The data suggest that populations throughout the area were all highly mobile, and that this did not change with the incorporation of domesticates. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Why do people stay in or leave Fukushima?

From the originally constructed survey data from 2011 Fukushima incident, this paper empirically assessed the sources of failures in disaster risk mitigation in short run. Although residential relocation from the cites at risk is one of the effective risk reduction measures, the relocation incurs mobility costs of developing social capital such as communities or searching public services such as education and medical institutions. The estimation results showed that the residents in the disaster cites of 2011 Fukushima incident can tolerate higher risks of radiation exposure when they have attachment to the original residence or higher demands for the public services, and can stay in the cites at risks consequently. Because the tolerance level can depend on the information associated with the risks, the results imply that the authorities’ providing the correct information is one of the keys for the disaster risk reduction in short run.