公安县农村居民点用地分布影响因子评价——基于GWR的空间异质性分析

以湖北省公安县为研究区域,采取地理加权回归模型(GWR)以及构建综合影响分析模型,借助Arc GIS10.0空间分析功能,选取影响农村居民点用地分布的地形、河流、交通、人口密度、基本农田、水源保护区、自然保护区作为地理影响因子,分析每类因子影响下的公安县农村居民点用地空间异质性,以及各类因子对用地分布的综合影响程度。结果表明:①地形、河流、交通、人口密度、基本农田、水源保护区、自然保护区等地理因子深刻影响公安县农村居民点用地分布;②从地理因子的综合影响来看,公安县农村居民点用地可划分为极度影响、重度影响、中度影响、低度影响、较弱影响5种类型区;③未来农村居民点的用地整理与居民点布局的调整需要充分考虑各类地理因子的影响及其综合作用,促进农村居民点用地的集约、节约利用。     

Divided Post‐Soviet Small Cities? Residential Segregation and Urban Form in Leninogorsk and Zyryanovsk,Kazakhstan

This paper maps and analyses ethnic and socio‐economic residential segregation in two small post‐Soviet mining and enrichment cities in Eastern Kazakhstan, Leninogorsk and Zyryanovsk. The study is based on data collected by the author in collaboration with the Eastern Kazakhstan oblast' statistical authority in an extensive questionnaire survey carried out during January 2001. The paper investigates the linkages between the physical spatial structure of small post‐Soviet cities and the socio‐spatial landscape that has unfolded in their context, and attempts to identify the principal factors that underlie the observed segregation patterns.     

国内外城市居住空间研究的回顾与展望

住宅作为城市的重要职能和城市空间结构的重要组成部分,长期以来地理学、经济学、社会学、政治学等不同学科的学者一直关注城市居住和相关理论的研究。本文在全面阐述西方居住空间研究的理论、方法、研究领域和研究成果的基础上,对我国有关城市居住空间的研究领域和研究进展进行回顾,并展望有待进一步深化研究的领域。     

新南方起源时期美国南方城市的发展和城市生活的变迁

新南方起源时期南方城市有显著发展,数量明显增加并初步完成城市功能的转换和城市设施的更新,为以后新南方综合性大都市的出现打下基础。但与同时期的北方城市相比,南方城市规模小,对农作物,工业原料和铁路的依赖严重,乡土气息浓厚。城市社会形态特征表现为种族隔离加剧,城市成为种族冲突的温床,一个自主自立的黑人社区形成;新老城市社会氛围差异大,老城市的相对静态与新兴城市的动态形成鲜明对照,南方社会重心不仅从农村移到城市,而且从老城市移到新兴城市。新兴城市逐渐成为南方城市发展的亮点和方向。     

Placing the second generation: A case study of Toronto

We examine the social mobility of the second generation in the Toronto metropolitan area by analyzing whether the adult children of immigrants live in more affluent and desirable neighbourhoods than the first generation. Using 2016 census microdata, we compare the social characteristics of census tracts where immigrants and the second and third-plus (3+) generations concentrate. The index of dissimilarity indicates the degree of residential separation among generations and for five ethno-racial second-generation groups: Chinese, South Asian, Black, Southern European, and Northern and Western European. The empirical findings show that the neighbourhoods where the first generation is over-represented are less affluent than those where the second and 3+ generations concentrate, with the largest improvements in social status occurring between the first and second generations. Although they frequently live in more distant suburban neighbourhoods than the first generation, the second generation still tends to live in inner and outer suburbs more than the exurban 3+ generation. For the second generation, the degree of residential concentration varies across ethno-racial groups with persistent segregation marking the residential locations of racial minorities. The findings highlight the variegated geographies and social mobility of the second generation in Canada's largest metropolitan area.     

The segregation of generations: ancestral groups in Sydney, 2011

Most models of immigrant minority enclave formation in cities represent their situation as relatively transient elements in urban residential mosaics. As minority group members become both economically integrated and socially–culturally assimilated into the host society, so they move away from the enclaves where they initially concentrated. Such shifts are especially likely in the second and later generations of group members, who are more likely to overcome the disadvantages experienced by many of the original settlers with regard to human capital. This paper evaluates that model using data on the residential distributions of three generations of those claiming one of 19 different ancestral groups in Sydney in 2011, at four nested spatial scales, deploying a recently developed inferential method for evaluating the intensity of residential segregation. The findings are not consistent with the model: in general, members of the second and third generations in any ancestral group are as segregated as the first generation (that is, those born outside Australia) at both regional and neighbourhood scales.     

Late Prehistoric High-Altitude Hunter-Gatherer Residential Occupations in the Argentine Southern Andes

Test excavations were conducted at Risco de los Indios (RDLI), a site at 2480 masl with 29 residential features and a well-developed midden containing abundant floral, faunal, lithic, and ceramic materials. Analyses indicate the site was intensively used ca. 500 cal b.p. as a residential base for groups focused on hunting guanaco, supplemented by locally-available wild flora and fauna as well as domestic beans transported from the lowlands. Ceramic and obsidian artifacts indicate these groups were highly mobile and in contact with groups on the eastern and western margins of the Andes. These patterns compare favorably to those seen in the region’s other high altitude villages. It appears that the development of these patterns began with population increase and economic intensification in the lowlands ca. 2000 cal b.p. and that the move to slightly lower elevation settings like RDLI may have been conditioned by the onset of the Little Ice Age.     

城市人居环境与满意度评价研究

从安全、舒适、和谐、方便等原则出发,选择建筑质量等5个准则,房型设计等56个因素作为调查与评价因子,建立城市人居环境满意度评估的基本框架,运用社会调查统计法对城区代表居住地域进行综合评价,指出南京市区人居环境总体处于发展阶段,并提出各居住地域人居环境优化措施和方案。     

城市内部居住迁移对居民自评健康的影响研究——以北京市为例

居住迁移对居民健康有重要影响.然而,一方面,目前对居住迁移的健康效应的研究仍然以国外研究为主,且偏重负面影响;另一方面,目前国内对居住迁移健康效应的研究大多基于截面数据,研究结论不够稳健.为此,本文基于北京市的一项追踪调查,分析居住迁移前后不同居民自评健康状况的变化,并利用定序逻辑斯特回归模型分析居住环境变化对居民自评...