国外旅游地社会文化变迁研究述评

论文介绍了国外旅游社会文化变迁研究状况,分别从旅游者、旅游地社区、旅游业以及全球化与地方互动的视角总结了国外旅游地社会文化变迁研究在理论与方法上的主要进展,评述了旅游者类型、旅游凝视、旅游者表演、旅游者阅读、旅游地生命周期理论、社区响应模式及其各种理论解释、文化环理论、旅游创造性破坏模型等在旅游地社会文化变迁研究中的贡献与不足,并指出了近年来国外旅游社会文化变迁研究具有流动性与表演性、社会文化生产与创造性破坏、非线性与复杂性等特点。     

南京居住空间分异的特征与模式研究——基于南京主城拆迁改造的透视

城市居住空间的地域分异是城市社会分化最直接的体现。本文以城市的拆迁改造为独特的切入视角,以南京市主城区为研究范围,调查获取了南京主城区所有街道近三年的拆迁改造数据,通过ArcGIS、SPSS等手段进行了数据分析,并以此为基础对近年来南京市主城区的居住空间分异模式进行了总结。文章认为,南京主城区的居住空间目前已呈现结构多元化的雏形,居住空间结构为\"圈层\"与\"扇形\"相混合模式,有从单中心向多中心发展的趋势。     

广州城市内部居住迁移空间特征及其影响因素研究

居住迁移是家庭居住消费的空间调整过程,也是城市重构的基础动力,是西方地理学、规划学和社会学研究的主要内容。利用2001年和2005年在广州市进行的家庭住房问卷调查结果,文章分析了居住迁移空间特征、方向特征以及居住迁移方向的影响因素。分析结果显示,广州市居住迁移空间以就近迁移为主,在同一行政区范围内和邻近行政区间的迁移比重非常高,但从阶段演化来看,就近迁移有弱化趋势。迁移方向以老城区内和外围区内的迁移为主,其次为以老城区向外围区迁移。住房产权、家庭生命周期、家庭收入和迁移时间对居住迁移方向的影响显著,居住郊区化与住房自置率提高有关;单位房和房管局房建设是郊区化的主要动力之一。     

社区建成环境对老年人居住满意度的影响研究——以安徽省合肥市为例

老龄化程度不断加深给区域经济社会发展带来了严峻挑战,如何保障老年人口享有积极与健康的生活质量,提升其幸福感和满意度成为当前的重要研究课题。论文基于问卷抽样调查数据,以合肥市为研究案例地,从主观与客观两个层面入手构建结构方程模型,重点厘清客观建成环境、主观建成环境对老年人居住满意度的影响。研究结果表明：(1)合肥市老年人对社区居住满意程度为比较满意,但不同个体属性的老年人居住满意度具有明显差异,户籍、性别等特征老年人的群体差异最突出,家庭结构对老年人居住满意度的影响不显著。(2)主观建成环境要素对老年人居住满意度具有显著正向影响（路径系数为0.81）,社区治安情况、美观程度、交通通达性与社区娱乐设施等感知特征对居住满意度的影响程度依次递减,但客观建成环境要素总体对老年人居住满意度呈弱负相关性。(3)社区邻里交往对老年人居住满意度具有正向影响,在综合考虑主客观建成环境要素、社会交往等因素后,除性别和户籍、学历和收入外,部分个体特征的影响没有通过显著性检验。     

Population replacement,social mobility and development in Italy in the twentieth century

Abstract

Many scholars have expressed alarm at the low fertility and sustained immigration that have characterized Italy in the last decade (1.3 children per woman and an increase of more than 200,000 immigrants per year). This article takes a different approach, showing how low fertility and strong migratory balances (involving migration both between Italian regions and from abroad) have enhanced the formation of human capital, facilitating family strategies of upward social mobility, the construction of a more balanced labor market, increases in income and a decline in the graying of the population. The combination of low fertility and sustained immigration, therefore, has been and still is a fundamental resource for development of the population and of Italian society, especially in central and northern Italy. The article also discusses modifications in family and immigration policies suggested by these findings.     

Cosmopolitan Catterick? Isotopic evidence for population mobility on Rome’s Northern frontier

In order to investigate how the population diversity at major Romano-British urban centres compared to small towns and military outposts, we conducted multi-isotope (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and strontium) analyses of bones (42 individuals) and teeth (26 individuals) of human skeletons from Cataractonium/Roman Catterick in North Yorkshire (U.K.). The results suggest a markedly less diverse population at Catterick than at the larger towns. Significant differences are observed between burials from the town and fort area and the suburb of Bainesse to the south, and it is suggested that these reflect a shift to more localised recruitment for the Roman army in the Late Roman period. Isotope data for the ‘Bainesse Eunuch’, an unusual 4th century burial that has been interpreted as the remains of a ‘transvestite’ priest of Cybele, are not ultimately conclusive but consistent with origins in Southern Britain or areas with a similar climate abroad.     

Modified innovation diffusion — A way to explain the diffusion of cholera in Linköping in 1866? A study in methods

This article seeks to simulate diffusions of cholera from different water sources in the town of Linköping in 1866. The innovation diffusion theory, developed by Hägerstrand, has been used and modified. The article also investigates if it is possible to ascertain which water sources were contaminated during the cholera epidemic of 1866. The modifications of the theory of innovation diffusion resulted in a simulation model, which took into consideration the distribution of the population and barriers. The model corresponded with reality both in graphic and cartographic comparisons. With the help of the model, three water sources were identified as having been the probable cholera spreaders.     

How and why we should encourage undergraduate geography students to participate in the Erasmus programme

Studying or working abroad during the course of an undergraduate degree has been associated with many positive outcomes and benefits. Despite this, there is scant literature on the role higher education institution (HEIs) play in encouraging outgoing student mobility. There is subsequently limited practical guidance for individuals within HEIs wishing to increase student participation in mobility programmes. Using evidence from the existing literature, and primary research conducted for a PhD study, this paper addresses this gap and offers guidance for encouraging students' participation in the European region action scheme for the mobility of university students (Erasmus). This paper focuses on the mobility of geography students who underperform in terms of participation in the Erasmus programme.     

牧民流动与牧区城镇化道路

青藏高原地域辽阔,人口密度小,牧民居住极为分散,生产生活条件差。近年来,青藏高原牧民流动加快,与我国东部地区人口流动方式不同,它具有明显的内向型人口集中化特点,这种流动对牧区城镇建设有特定的需求。本文根据青藏高原牧民流动方式,探讨了牧区城镇建设的模式和基本途径,并提出了我国牧区城镇建设的措施。     

Understanding criminal mobility: the case of the Neapolitan Camorra

Italian mafias are now present and active abroad, and many national legal economies are undermined by their activities. The American government responded to this threat in 2011 by introducing an ‘executive order’ that blacklisted the Camorra's (the Neapolitan mafia) activities in the United States. Recently, there has been a growing debate on criminal mobility and, in particular, why, when and how Italian mafiosi move out of their territory of origin and expand into new foreign territories. Recent literature suggests that Italian mafias change their behaviour across territories and will succeed in ‘transplanting’ when there are emerging new markets. This article examines some brief case studies of camorristi in Europe to discuss these concepts of mafia mobility; and it concludes by suggesting that there is no ‘one size fits all’ analysis and that more attention should be paid to the interdependence of territories.