重庆市公租房居民职住时空特征研究

近年来公共租赁住房政策成效显著,住房困难人群安居问题得到明显改善,其乐业与否也逐步受到关注。本文以重庆市主城区为例,选取网络公示配租数据,探讨2015—2020年公租房配租居民就业空间分布以及职住分离演变特征。研究发现：①公租房居民就业少量分散于地铁站点以及公租房小区附近,多数居民就业分布在内外以内,呈中心大集聚、边缘小分散态势。②2015—2020年就业集聚于内环以内的态势未发生改变,局部变化受到了城市发展布局与配租数量的影响。③公租房居民通勤平均直线距离在14—17 km之间,距离经历小幅下降后持续上涨,居民内部分化明显,部分人群距离超过30 km,面临愈趋严重的职住分离问题。④居民职住分离程度在个体和社区层面上具有差异性,区位条件好的公租房小区居民职住分离程度较低,男性和收入较高的居民分离程度更高。     

教育资源配置对住房价格影响的时空差异研究——以35个大中城市为例

本文以2002—2017年35个大中城市为数据基础,借鉴Rosen-Roback城市空间均衡模型,测度大中城市教育资源对住房价格的影响差异性。研究发现:(1)控制其他变量后,教育事业费支出水平每提高1%,住房价格水平平均上涨0.156个百分点;(2)空间维度上,沿海城市的教育资源对住房价格的影响,显著小于内陆城市;而政治级别的差异在大中城市间的影响较小;(3)时间维度来看,教育资源对住房价格的影响在各时期都是显著存在的,表明教育资源的影响具有长期累积特征;从影响程度绝对值来看,影响系数具有随时间递减的特征。     

北京市居民租赁住房可支付能力及空间分异研究

长期以来，我国租赁住房市场被严重边缘化，“十三五”规划明确提出建立租购并举的住房制度，彰显了让住房回归“居住属性”特征。住房租赁市场成为研究热点，而居民的租赁住房可支付能力是其关键。本文将保障性租赁住房与商品性租赁住房合为一体作为研究对象，从我国住房租赁市场的现状出发，客观评价不同人群的家庭可支配收入、最低非住房消费标准、住房补贴比例等指标，在此基础上定义人均租赁住房可支付能力指数，用于评估不同人群的可支付能力。结合目前的租赁住房市场的供给情况，运用GIS软件分析居民可支付能力的空间特征，分析北京市现有租赁住房与居民租房可支付能力匹配情况，对于合理制定多层次租赁住房市场政策具有参考意义。     

The economic effects of big events: Evidence from the great jubilee 2000 in Rome

This paper assesses the short- and long-term economic impact of the 2000 Great Jubilee, the foremost Catholic event occurring every 25 years, on the city of Rome's economy. By applying the synthetic control approach, we find that the value added per capita increases slightly in the short term, whereas in the long term it is not significantly different from what it would have been if Rome had not hosted the Jubilee. However, we do find a significant effect on the employment rate. Consistent with these findings, we document a shift of the local economy toward less productive sectors, such as construction and services requiring lower skills, and an overall productivity loss with respect to the counterfactual scenario. The investment in infrastructure, facilities, and urban refurbishment did not significantly increase housing prices in the long term, with the exception of peripheral residential areas, which experienced an appreciation.     

The Politics of Crisis: Deconstructing the Dominant Narratives of the Housing Crisis

This paper considers how dominant narratives of the housing crisis, since the 2008 banking crisis in England, have been created and what actions taken in its name. The paper deconstructs the term “crisis”, highlighting that its meaning has evolved from a critical moment to a protracted narrative which must be understood historically. Through discourse analysis into housing and party political policy, media and think tank reports, we argue that the employment of housing crisis by the government and others perceives it as an outcome of housing supply constraints and over-regulation—narratives that have justified subsequent policy actions aimed at propping up the housing and financial systems, opening new avenues for housing commodification, deregulation and financialisation and reproducing crisis anew. However, we note that these narratives can also break down and space can be created for the articulation of new narratives which refocus housing crises as emerging from inequality and class divisions.     

Immigrants and homelessness—at risk in Canada's outer suburbs

Homelessness is a risk for growing numbers of immigrants. Largely as a result of low incomes, newcomers are more likely than the Canadian-born to spend over 50 percent of total household income on housing costs. Many newcomers suffer 'hidden homelessness'. They do not use shelters and other services, but share accommodation, couch-surf and rely on their social contacts for temporary and precarious housing. The adverse impact of low incomes on the housing experiences of Canadian newcomers is exacerbated in the outer suburbs of metropolitan areas where the supply of affordable housing is limited. This study explores the social backgrounds and housing experiences of immigrant households that are vulnerable to homelessness in outer suburbs through analysis of special tabulations from the 2001 census for York Region and interviews with representatives from local community organisations serving immigrant and low-income populations. The initial findings confirm that a high proportion of newcomers in York Region are at-risk of homelessness during the first 10 years of residence in Canada. Although renters are more vulnerable than homeowners, a substantial percentage of newcomers who are homeowners pay more than 30 percent of their total income on housing costs. The shortage of affordable rental housing in the outer suburbs exacerbates the impacts of low incomes, immigration status, household size and ethnoracial identities on immigrants' housing.     

New immigrant settlement in a mid-sized city: a case study of housing barriers and coping strategies in Kelowna, British Columbia

The successful integration of immigrants into a new society is based on their attainment of several basic needs, including access to adequate, suitable and affordable housing. While this has long been a concern in Canadian cities, such as Vancouver, Toronto, and Montréal, it is also increasingly an issue in growing mid-sized cities such as Kelowna, in the interior of British Columbia. While Kelowna's real estate market is one of the most expensive in the country, there is little published data or literature on the housing experiences of immigrants in the city. This study examines the housing experiences and stresses of a small group of immigrants in Kelowna's rental housing market. This study uses data from five focus groups with 34 new immigrants and 20 interviews with key informants, conducted in Kelowna in summer 2008. The evidence indicates that for this group of immigrant newcomers, the housing search process in Kelowna's rental housing market met with significant barriers in locating affordable rental housing. Of these barriers, the most commonly cited were: (a) high housing costs; (b) lack of reliable housing information, including lack of access to organizations that provide housing help (government or not); and (c) prejudice by landlords based on the immigrants' ethnic and racial background.
This study points to the need for more comparative studies on the housing experiences of immigrants in mid-sized cities in Canada to better understand which groups of immigrants are more successful than others in finding affordable housing in these mid-sized cities, and why.     

从城头山遗址房址柱洞的定量分析看遗址的人地关系

城头山遗址发现至今备受关注,研究者以往多用类型学和环境考古的方法对遗址进行研究。为了揭示城头山遗址两千余年发展历程中的人地关系演变,本研究通过采用定量考古方法,对城头山遗址发现的房址柱洞进行统计描述和一元方差分析。结合环境考古研究成果,发现城头山遗址的柱洞随着时代的发展而显示出直径大小变化的趋势。这一趋势有可能反映了城头山遗址聚落人口的持续增加与急剧减少都会影响到树材生长周期的人地关系。     

Amenities,affordability, and housing vouchers

Against the background of an emerging rental affordability crisis, we examine how the standard rule that households should not spend more than 30% of their income on housing expenditures leads to inefficiencies in the context of federal low‐income housing policy. We quantify how the current practice of locally indexing individual rent subsidies in the Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program regardless of quality‐of‐life conditions implicitly incentivizes recipients to live in high‐amenity areas. We also assess a novel scenario for housing policy reform that adjusts subsidies by the amenity expenditures of low‐income households, permitting national HCV program coverage to increase.