西安市相对资源承载力与可持续发展研究

以全国和陕西省为参照区域,分别计算了1978、1980、1985年和1990-2002年间各年西安市自然资源、经济资源的相对承载力和综合承载力,同时分析了它们的动态变化过程。指出西安市由于人口增长、经济发展与资源利用的不协调,导致其综合承载力长期处于超载状态,而且近年来由于水、土资源的大规模开发利用,使超载状态愈趋加重。因此,西安市的可持续发展应采取合理控制自然资源开发规模、大力发展经济、控制人口增长等措施,不断协调人口、资源、环境和发展的矛盾,逐步走向可持续发展。     

关于商代青铜面具的几个问题

本文对商代青铜面具的起源、文化内涵、传播等问题进行了探讨。认为青铜面具起源于石器时代,青铜面具的源地在北方,青铜面具的使用与巫术有关,墓葬中的青铜面具反映了死者的身份等级。     

大农业不是英国农业和经济衰落的原因——与徐正林和郭豫庆同志商榷

18世纪中期以后英国大农业的兴起和发展,从历史实际看,不仅没有导致英国农业的衰落,相反使英国农业进入了一个黄金时期;不仅没有削弱英国工业发展的基础,相反有利于工业资本的积累和农村人口向城市的流动,极大地推动了英国工业化的发展。英国丧失工业霸主地位、走向相对衰落,有着复杂的、多方面的原因,不能简单地归因于大农业。在吸收国外的研究成果时,盲目照抄,或根据某种需要而随意剪裁历史的做法,都是不可取的。     

乡村旅游地居民相对剥夺感的前因和后果研究：基于个体心理学视角

旅游开发给乡村旅游地带来了深刻影响,作为东道主的当地居民对旅游发展的情感和行为直接关系到旅游业的长远发展。文章从个体心理角度,通过对婺源340位居民进行问卷调查,考察了内归因对积极应对行为的影响,并探讨了相对剥夺感的中介效应和自我效能感的调节效应。研究结果表明：①内归因对积极应对行为有正向影响;②相对剥夺感在内归因与积极应对行为之间存在部分中介效应;③自我效能感负向调节了相对剥夺感和积极应对行为的关系,即对于自我效能感高的居民,其相对剥夺感对积极应对行为的负向影响会被削弱。研究结果不仅从理论上丰富了归因方式、相对剥夺感、应对行为的关系研究,也为乡村旅游地社区治理提供了建议。     

The Geopolitics of Terrorism: A Commentary on Flint and Radil's Approach

An American political geographer and prominent specialist in electoral geography presents a measured and informative critique of the preceding paper by Colin Flint and Steven M. Radil (2009) on "Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism: Situating al-Qaeda and the Global War on Terror within Geopolitical Trends and Structures." Among the issues explored are the extent to which the observed patterns of terrorism might differ depending on whether "international" or "domestic" incidents are the focus of attention, and whether fatalities associated with incidents might prove a better metric of terrorism's psychological impact than per capita incident frequency alone. A deeper issue debated in the critique involves the thorny question of whether a singular focus on relative economic deprivation (and on its variations between countries rather than also within countries) offers an adequate explanation for the incidence of terrorism given the complexity of cultural (including ethnicity and religion), social, economic, and political factors that motivate terrorist acts in diverse settings across the world. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: I390, O100, Y900. 32 references.     

柬埔寨华人的土地和祖灵信仰——从“关系主义”人类学视角的考察

论文基于田野调查的结果,从人类学家王铭铭先生提出的“关系主义”人类学的视角,考察了柬埔寨华人的社区、家庭和坟地的土地神和祖灵信仰的内涵与功能,分析了柬埔寨土著文化与佛教、印度教和华人信仰等外来文化之间,内外之别、上下等级、差异和关联、延续与变迁这四对关系。认为任何宗教或文化现象都不是封闭地自我生成,而是在与他者的关系中形成。每一种文化总是处在许多其他文化组成的更大范围的场域中,在彼此的参照、混融和冲突过程中形塑自身。     

馆藏环境温湿度稳定性的频域图谱分析方法研究——以重庆博物馆为例

预防性保护对馆藏环境温湿度提出了适宜稳定的要求,本研究是对温湿度稳定性全新评估方法的研究。将馆藏环境温湿度监测时序数据(时域图谱)使用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)转换成频域图谱,并通过对频域图谱的解读,分析温湿度稳定性。本研究详细分析了温湿度频域图谱的优缺点,并通过频域图谱评估了展厅、展柜温湿度变化的特点、稳定性以及调控效果。研究结果为馆藏环境温湿度稳定性评估提供了一种全新的有效方法。     

The Influence of Salt on Handheld Electrical Moisture Meters: Can They Be Used to Detect Salt Problems in Porous Stone?

Salt contamination in heritage stone affects handheld moisture meter measurements on-site. This poses a problem when the readings indicate erroneously higher levels of moisture than actually present. For decision making with regards to moisture prevention treatment it is therefore crucial to distinguish between actual dampness and the hygroscopic action of salts. This study investigated the effect on moisture meter readings of both increased conductivity of pore water and the increased water retention caused by the presence of sodium chloride (NaCl) in artificially contaminated Portland limestone samples. The influence of NaCl contamination on selected handheld moisture meters was quantified. As a result, this article proposes that under certain circumstances moisture meters could be used to diagnose, reliably, both moisture and salt problems in heritage stone.     

Foucault and museum geographies: a case study of the English ‘Renaissance in the Regions’

This paper explores the subject of museum geographies, focusing particularly on the development of museum policies in a changing political context. The empirical focus is the emergence and transformation of the museum programme Renaissance in the Region, which is linked to the concepts of primary, secondary and tertiary spatialisations presented by Michel Foucault. The paper discusses the development of the programme and how it transformed aspects of the primary, secondary and tertiary spatialisations of museums in England, before focusing attention on the geography of school visits to museums. The results of two extensive studies of school visits to museums in the programme suggest that large numbers of visits come from schools located in areas with high indices of multiple deprivation and income deprivation affecting children. It is argued that this social geography reflects the tertiary spatialisation of museums linked to their emergence in areas of past industrial development, although practices linked to reconfigurations of the primary and secondary spatialisation as part of the Renaissance in the Regions programme may also have played some role. The paper concludes by discussing recent changes in government policy and the degree to which the ‘New Renaissance’ policy may signify reductions in the social reach of museums into areas of social deprivation and exclusion.     

A Brief History of Brain Archiving

This paper narrates the history of the conservation of the human brain, tracking techniques of brain archiving from the first experiments in the preservation of soft tissue in spirits of alcohol to the latest refinements in cryogenic technology. It traces the changing social and legal conditions that permitted the collection of post mortem human tissue, as well as the increasingly sophisticated technologies that allowed for the preservation and storage of this material. This preliminary survey of brain archiving uses examples of specific collections in order to discuss changes in the techniques, goals and achievements of neural tissue collecting from the mid-eighteenth to the late twentieth centuries.