职工精简与20世纪60年代前期的上海城乡冲突及其协调

1953年以后,随着社会主义计划经济的建立,当代中国二元城乡关系结构亦逐渐成形。但是,因大跃进运动的失败及随之而来的三年自然灾害,大量上海城市人口被精简回乡则使这一逐渐固化的城乡关系结构再一次发生强烈震荡,对上海城市和郊区农村都产生了巨大的冲击,从而引发一系列矛盾与冲突。通过对这些矛盾和冲突的协调与解决,上海城乡关系的刚性结构在一定程度上得到软化,城市和乡村都因而受益,城乡间的协调发展也在一定程度上得到实现。     

野田政权对日美同盟关系的强化

日美同盟关系对日本政治与外交具有决定性的影响力。野田政权以重塑日美关系为支撑,改善同大国和周边国家关系,调整民主党的战略,谋求日本政治稳定的动向尤其显著。在政权面临再交替挑战的微妙时期,日美关系的调试承载着美日多方面的诉求。野田政权与奥巴马政权以四大课题为核心,对日美关系进行战略性安排、策略性地修复,其实质在于解决或跨越难题达成双赢,稳定和强化政治支持谋求长期政权。     

Magnetic properties of ancient coins

The almost ubiquitous presence of small amounts of iron in ancient coins gives them remanent magnetic properties which can be measured easily on commercial magnetometers. The stability of the remanence suggests that ancient coins might retain information about the geomagnetic field at the time and location of manufacture and so be valuable in setting up archaeomagnetic dating curves. However, measurements show that the remanence directions tend to be too scattered for this purpose, although it is quite possible to distinguish magnetically the obverse and reverse faces of struck coins.Saturation remanence studies of coins and coin analogues indicate that the main carrier of the remanence in struck coins is precipitated fine-grained iron (rather than the oxides of iron) which is produced during the minting process. The intensity of the remanence generated depends upon the thermo-mechanical history of the flan prior to striking, which suggests that the magnetic properties of such coins are not simply related to the provenance of the ores used.     

谈宋初之"欲武臣读书"与"用读书人"

有关宋太祖欲“武臣尽读书以通治道”以及“宰相须用读书人”的说法,于宋初国家走向文治的导向意义,为历来的治史者和读史者着意阐发。对于与此导向相关的一些说法,我们既要注意其话语,又须把握其寓意;既要注意其说法,又须观察其做法,方能将层层包裹的解释与史实本身剥离开来。事实上,宋初国家政治秩序建设中“文治”导向的确立经历了曲折反复的渐变过程。     

行政许可主体辨析

行政许可主体是行政许可的实施主体的简称,它不仅是行政许可权的享有者,同时还与行政许可实施程序的一系列规则密切相关,行政许可实施的具体操作离不开行政许可主体。作为行政许可法律关系主体的重要组成部分,行政许可主体必须同时具备组织性、法权性、自主性、责任性等基本特征。正是基于这些特征,行政许可主体不同于行政许可法律关系主体、行政许可行为主体以及一般的行政机关。     

民国时期祁门红茶贷款案与银企关系的建立--关于上海金融资本对周边产业经济之控制

祁门红茶与上海交通银行贷款关系的成立 ,标志着农业产品的生产与销售活动受到金融资本的支配与控制。而在战前区域经济关系中 ,也说明中国内陆地区农业产品的生产者与贸易组织同沿海出口口岸的关系更为密切。本文重点考察作为中国出口大宗产品的祁门红茶与银行银企关系建立的过程、原因 ,及其金融支配与控制关系对于出口产品生产与销售的影响 ,以期说明农业产业组织的变迁与沿海及内陆区域经济关系形成问题。     

论颜师古对音义关系的认识

词是音义的结合体,音义关系是词汇研究中的一个重要问题。我国历代语言学家都十分重视对音义关系的探索与研究,唐代初年名语言学家颜师古就是其中一位,他在其《汉书注、《匡谬正俗》等作中充分运用音同,音义同,声相近,声之转等方法来辨通假,推求事物命名之意,贯通异形词。其因声求义的观念是明确的,方法是科学的。可以说,颜师古的因声求义已开清代以声音通训诂方法的先河。了解并研究颜师古因声求义的实践与理论,对汉语词汇史以至中国语言学史,都有重要意义。     

基于L-3D方法的云南省物流经济空间格局研究

为科学分析物流经济空间格局,基于经济地理学3D理论的密度(density)、距离(distance)和分割(division)框架,建立了物流经济空间格局的L-3D分析体系,利用地理集中度、物流经济联系强度及区位商等测度指标,分析了云南省物流经济空间格局的密度、距离及分割特征。结果表明:云南省物流经济密度的空间分异特征显著,呈现以昆明为中心的横纵扩散模式,外圈物流经济明显薄弱;物流经济空间距离呈现中心-通道发展模式,滇中城市群发展优势明显,西部边界物流经济距离较大;物流经济分割特征体现于昆明的区位商值较低,滇中城市群物流经济发展差异显著,以昆明为基准,大理及其周边地区分割严重。     

基于时间可达性的城市吸引范围演变研究——以南京都市圈为例

本文运用场强模型,在时间可达性的基础上,研究了在不考虑权重和考虑权重两种情况下,南京都市圈城市吸引范围的演变,在此基础上提出了南京都市圈的发展建议。得出的结论如下:1城市的吸引范围与行政区范围不完全一致,城市吸引范围扩展至江北的沿江城市有芜湖和镇江。2不考虑权重的情况下,南京、芜湖的吸引范围总体增长,扬州、镇江、巢湖、滁州、马鞍山的城市吸引范围总体下降,淮安的城市吸引范围变化不大。3考虑权重的情况下,南京和芜湖的城市吸引范围上升,淮安、镇江、巢湖的城市吸引范围下降,扬州、滁州、马鞍山的城市吸引范围波动下降。南京的城市吸引范围占南京都市圈的绝对优势。4建议芜湖、马鞍山等沿江城市进一步完善过江通道,实现沿江城市的跨江发展;通过加快交通建设和淡化行政界限,增强城市间联系;根据城市吸引范围调整行政区划,如拆分巢湖并入芜湖、马鞍山等城市,句容并入南京市。     

Experimental patterns of hammerstone percussion damage on bones: implications for inferences of carcass processing by humans

The common occurrence of hammerstone percussion damage (pits, striae, notches and impact flakes) on the fossil limb bones of ungulates indicates that marrow extraction has been an important component of hominid butchery for over two million years. Beyond this level of basic inference, it would be behaviorally informative if three deeper aspects of marrow harvesting were understood more clearly: (1) whether inter-element patterns of bone fragmentation vary when processing intensity is held constant; (2) whether butcher investment in marrow extraction correlates positively with the number of percussion marks generated; (3) whether taphonomic effectors can be identified based on percussion mark morphology, frequency and placement. Some experimental work has been conducted previously in service of exploring these questions, but we set out here to address them explicitly through the analysis of a large sample of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) limb elements fractured by hammerstone percussion. Our results indicate that (1) measures of bone fragmentation, which supposedly reflect processing intensity, are highly contingent on the research question being posed. This stresses the fact that researchers must be explicit in their definition of processing intensity. (2) In addition, hypothesized covariance between number of hammerstone blows and percussion mark frequencies are not met in our sample, corroborating previous conclusions of a lack of covariance between cutting strokes and cutmark frequencies. These results highlight the contingent nature of butchery mark production, and emphasize the need to investigate carcass resource exploitation by posing questions that do not rely on mark frequencies, but instead utilize other zooarchaeological measures. (3) Finally, our results—showing high incidences of impact notches and flakes created by direct anvil contact and “anvil scratches” created by direct hammerstone contact—suggest caution in using specific categories of percussion damage to infer their taphonomic effectors.