Legal issues with volunteered geographic information

Volunteered geographic information (VGI) is a relatively new and rapidly developing activity with varying degrees of organization and legal sophistication that involves host sites, contributors, and users. VGI related activities raise a variety of legal issues, from intellectual property to liability, defamation, and privacy. These issues may affect the rights and obligations of all those who use or participate in VGI activities. This article provides an overview of some of these legal considerations from the perspectives of the host, contributor, and user respectively.     

Evaluating the Impact of International Collaboration on Geography Learning

The Center for Global Geography Education (CGGE) is a set of online modules exploring geographic issues, which allow collaborative analysis and discussion between international teams of undergraduates. Using data from trials held in 10 countries, the modules' effectiveness in improving student understanding of geographic concepts and appreciation for cross-cultural perspectives on the issues were evaluated. Analysis of qualitative and quantitative data revealed that CGGE achieved its aims of enhancing geographic knowledge and skills. The modules and their international collaboration design inspired high interest among students and professors. Specific revisions to their content are identified in order to foster deeper exchanges of international perspectives among university students.     

Global heritage: perspectives from the Northern Territory,Australia

This article examines the way in which selected cultural institutions, government and non‐government organisations and individuals in Australia’s Northern Territory have responded to globalising influences on the preservation, interpretation and public face of its history and heritage. It draws upon a number of interviews with local practitioners and professionals in the field to explore the multiple understandings of cultural heritage, history and identity in the Territory, to investigate how competing interests and expectations are managed at the state and local level, and to address issues of sovereignty in the context of global heritage. Respondents indicate that, despite a strong resurgence of local cultural identities, without people on the ground who care about their heritage, efforts by international bodies will have little effect. There has been increasing concern about the protection of local cultures in the face of globalisation, and research such as this is critical in providing feedback to international heritage organisations. Without strong local support for cultural heritage and identities, they can become increasingly vulnerable in a rapidly globalising world. In Australia’s Northern Territory, however, there seems little indication of this happening.     

论邓小平的"三农"思想对中国农村改革的重大意义

邓小平高度重视农业发展、农村改革和农民生活,"三农"思想非常丰富。主要有: 农业是国民经济的基础;农村改革的首要任务是解放和发展生产力;农村改革的核心是充分调动农 民的积极性;农业发展的根本出路在于科技进步;农村改革和农业发展要有"两个飞跃",等等。 这些思想对中国农村改革具有重大的积极意义。     

The determinants of occupational distribution in Seoul metropolitan area: Comparison of high- and low-skilled occupations

In this study we analyse the spatial distribution patterns of professionals and related workers in high-skilled occupations and elementary workers in low-skilled occupations in the Seoul metropolitan area and explore their geographical factors. Spatial autocorrelation relates to the formation and clustering of hot spots according to each occupational characteristic. Geographic factors affecting the distribution of workplaces and residences in professionals-related occupations and elementary-related occupations act differently for each middle occupational classification. However, some occupations show similar spatial distribution patterns. In particular, we found that industrial economic drivers have influence more significant than other regional factors in determining the distribution of workplace and residence by occupation. The spatial coefficient of geographical adjacency varies with the attributes of each occupation and tends to be larger in professional jobs. Findings from the study will help prepare policies related to local talents for specialisation and advancement of the occupational structure and will be of wider interest.     

There are Many Roads to Reindustrialization and Resilience: Place-based Approaches in Three German Urban Regions

Reindustrialization has become a major political objective in the European Union. This paper provides three urban case studies on reindustrialization pathways and experiences during the global economic crisis to reveal the specificities of place-based approaches on the local level despite common policies on EU, federal and state levels. Moreover, the evolutionary perspective on reindustrialization and economic resilience shows the importance of adaptive capabilities on the local level, although the sources for these capabilities differ according to context- and place-specific structures.     

构建和谐青海的六个问题

把构建社会主义和谐社会从理论变成现实,必须从各地实际出发．具体而实际地推进。青海省有自身的特殊性构建和谐青海要以确立一种共同的价值观为基础,重点培育中等收入者阶层,使绝大多数劳动者劳有其业,解决“两大不协调”问题,巩固各族人民和睦团结、共同发展的良好格局,消除引起不和谐因素的政治风险源。     

中国与欧盟产业强关联复杂网络系统的比较研究

基于投入产出表构建中国和欧盟细分产业的强关联网络,运用社会网络分析法从整体、子群及个体三个层级对中欧的产业网络进行比较分析,以探讨中国产业复杂网络发展趋势、规律以及阶段定位。研究发现：①产业强关联网络的发展具有显著规律性,欧盟产业强关联网络发展形态是中国的高级演化模式;②欧盟产业间的紧密度及群体聚集趋势均优于中国,但中国产业间的资源传输效率表现更好;③中国当前正处于分配性及生产性服务业与制造业换位的转型期,但尚未达到欧盟所处的以服务业高度集聚作为网络枢纽以带动全行业发展的成熟稳定期;④中国和欧盟的区块网络均呈现近似“核心-边缘”的等级层次结构,分块网络从“单核心”驱动向“双核心”共振驱动更迭,但欧盟比中国更早实现双核心驱动模式。     

丹江口水库河南淹没区考古学术课题的思考

在基本建设工程中,围绕学术课题进行文物考古科学研究是加强文物保护的重要途径。本文根据丹江口水库河南省淹没区的文物分布情况和既往的文物考古研究成果,对设置学术课题的重要性和必要性以及设置学术课题的基础条件进行了论述,进而就所设置的几个主要考古学术课题进行了必要的说明和分析。     

相关多样化、非相关多样化与区域创新产出——以长三角地区为例

创新是当今区域经济增长的关键驱动力之一,区域多样化与区域发展之关联是经济地理学研究的重要议题。目前国内的创新来源逐渐从外部知识引进为主向依靠区域自身创新能力为主转变,即重视本地知识结构对创新产出的重要影响。然而,现有研究主要关注多样化对区域经济发展的影响,较少分析多样化对区域创新产出的影响,也很少涉及多样化对邻近地区创新产出的空间效应。为此,本文构建了分析相关多样化和非相关多样化对区域创新产出影响的理论框架,并基于2011—2016年长三角地区26个地级市IPC分类专利的面板数据,运用空间杜宾模型,分析了本地知识结构的多样化对区域创新产出的影响。研究发现：①长三角城市群内部相关多样化与非相关多样化格局相似,省际间呈现沿海高内部低、省内呈现中心城市高周围城市低的空间格局。②知识相关多样化能够促进地方创新产出,而非相关多样化与地方创新产出之间呈现倒U型关系,即区域过度的非相关多样化对其创新产出有负向影响。③本地创新受相邻地区相关多样化的负向影响。本文对长三角区域创新机理的研究对于丰富我国创新地理学的理论与应用具有重要意义。