The ‘Cultural Turn’ in Australian Regional Economic Development Discourse: Neoliberalising Creativity?

Regional economic policy‐makers are increasingly interested in the contribution of creativity to the economic performance of regions and, more generally, in its power to transform the images and identities of places. This has constituted a ‘cultural turn’, of sorts, away from an emphasis on macro‐scale projects and employment schemes, towards an interest in the creative industries, entrepreneurial culture and innovation. This paper discusses how recent discourses of the role of ‘creativity’ in regions have drawn upon, and contributed to, particular forms of neoliberalisation. Its focus is the recent application of a statistical measure — Richard Florida's (2002) ‘creativity index’— to quantify spatial variations in creativity between Australia's regions. Our critique is not of the creativity index per se, but of its role in subsuming creativity within a neoliberal regional economic development discourse. In this discourse, creativity is linked to the primacy of global markets, and is a factor in place competition, attracting footloose capital and ‘creative class’ migrants to struggling regions. Creativity is positioned as a central determinant of regional ‘success’ and forms a remedy for those places, and subjects, that currently ‘lack’ innovation. Our paper critiques these interpretations, and concludes by suggesting that neoliberal discourses ignore the varied ways in which ‘alternative creativities’ might underpin other articulations of the future of Australia's regions.     

The Future of Collective Farms' Built Social Infrastructure: Choosing Between Central Place and Network Theories

The aim of this paper is to discuss local and regional planning and development practices in a post‐socialist country such as Estonia. Two approaches — central places and network theories — are used as a conceptual basis. According to the first hypothesis, planning and development of social infrastructure (e.g. schools, sports halls) has remained based on the central place theory — as an outdated planning approach — in Estonia. The second hypothesis argues that while, on the one hand, the application of the network paradigm and increased cooperation between local communities would considerably save public resources, on the other hand, because of the path dependency of Soviet centralized planning and development practices, the networking and lobbying takes place vertically rather than horizontally. This restricts both administrative cooperation and networking on the local and regional levels. The paper consists of three parts. The first part describes the turn in Western planning theory: the shift from normative top‐down planning to a bottom‐up approach and networking. The second part analyses critically the Soviet and post‐Soviet planning theory and practices: the planning and development culture created during the Soviet era. Finally we present a case study of a community planning procedure in the Suure‐Jaani locality — a good example of the influence of historical changes in the settlement system and planning culture of the past on current development.     

中苏科学技术合作中的技术转移

20世纪40年代到60年代初,苏联的技术援华推动了现代技术向中国的大规模转 移。50年代初,为更好地协调、管理中苏在科技合作中的各项事宜,成立了中苏科技合作委员会, 推动了双方在研究机构、产品的研究开发和技术科学的学科建设等方面的合作,培养提高了我国科 研院所、设计机构和企业的技术能力。1956年,在苏联专家的建议和帮助下,我国制订了十二年 科技发展远景规划,确定了中国科技的发展方向、目标和基本政策,此举对我国科技的发展产生了 深远的影响。60年代初,随着两国关系的破裂,中苏科技合作中断,因而打乱了我国科技远景规 划的正常实施,造成了中方大量人力物力的浪费和损失。     

民国时期祁门红茶贷款案与银企关系的建立--关于上海金融资本对周边产业经济之控制

祁门红茶与上海交通银行贷款关系的成立 ,标志着农业产品的生产与销售活动受到金融资本的支配与控制。而在战前区域经济关系中 ,也说明中国内陆地区农业产品的生产者与贸易组织同沿海出口口岸的关系更为密切。本文重点考察作为中国出口大宗产品的祁门红茶与银行银企关系建立的过程、原因 ,及其金融支配与控制关系对于出口产品生产与销售的影响 ,以期说明农业产业组织的变迁与沿海及内陆区域经济关系形成问题。     

构建和谐社会与优化多党合作的政治民主化功能

构建社会主义和谐社会的执政目标,必然要求达到政治民主的和谐状态.中国的现代化进程是在政党政治的强力推动下进行的,社会主义和谐社会的构建促使政党政治必须在这一进程中发挥主导性作用.加强执政党和参政党的建设,并实现两者的良性互动,以优化多党合作的政治民主化功能,对于构建社会主义和谐社会具有极其重要的意义.     

Showcasing Maritime Heritage Artefacts for the Benefit of the Tourist Industry in Malaysia

Conservation in urban areas is an active issue, but in remoter areas historical remains are neglected by both public and government. Conservation of maritime archaeological sites is fast becoming important elsewhere. Acknowledging the importance of conservation for other types of historical sites, this paper addresses the need for conservation of the as-yet-unknown number of maritime archaeological sites in Malaysia. This will take time and continuing effort. Malacca Maritime Museum is a case-study, built specifically for showcasing artefacts from shipwrecks. The first such museum in Malaysia, it has benefited tourism as well as preserving objects and educating the public.
© 2005 The Nautical Archaeology Society     

我国土地经营规模的区域差异性分析

土地经营的规模是与一定的自然,经济社会,技术条件相适应的,基本身是一个相对的,动态的因地而异的范畴,它的大小是由于若干可变因素决定的,现阶段我国不同地区完全可以开发实行不同形式,不同层次。不同规模级的土地规模经营,并逐渐向具有完整涵义的规模经营过渡,本分析了土地经营规模的影响因素和我国推行规模经营的条件,给出了土地经营规模的测算方法,根据区域差异性对全国30个省级行政单位进行了聚类分析,并指明了各类进行土地规模经营的发展方向。     

城市旅游空间规划布局及其生态环境的优化与调控研究

城市旅游发展所带来的主要病症之一是城市旅游生态环境的破坏。笔认为主要原因之一在于城市旅游空间发展的无序、空间布局的不合理及对城市旅游资源的过度开发。本对如何正确运用城市空间发展战略及正确使用城市旅游承载力优化与调控城市旅游生态环境作了初步探讨。     

上海酒店市场发展的现状、趋势与应对政策

本分析了上海酒店市场的发展特点,预测了近三年的发展趋势,并对此提出若干应对政策。     

日喀则旅游发展模式研究

本通过对日喀则地区旅游发展条件的综合分析,提出了以政府启动、交通引动、外资促动、国际联动、开放推动和全域化、生态化、网络化、差异化、小型化为核心的“日喀则旅游发展模式”,并确立了发展战略体系。