制度史研究的视野、路径与旨归——评《当代中国信访制度史》

“治理国家,制度是起根本性、全局性、长远性作用的。”A制度的创立和发展对国家建设以及维持社会秩序具有重要意义。也正因为如此,制度史一直是历史学者关注的一个重要研究领域。近年来,制度史研究的视野进一步拓展,路径进一步丰富,旨归进一步明确。学者们从关注制度本身到探索制度的具体实践形态以及在此过程中错综复杂的互动关系,更为深刻真实地展现了制度演变与实践的逻辑理路,使制度史研究呈现出更为丰富、立体与动态的面向。     

敦煌资料中所见讲究卫生爱护环境的习俗

敦煌文献及壁画中珍藏着一批讲究公共卫生、爱护环境的史料,生动地体现了唐宋时期人们对良好卫生习俗追求。这些习俗包括爱护水源、注重水质,营造良好的居住环境,勤洗衣着、梳头刷牙,沐浴健身,修建厕所、禁止随地便溺,禁止随意食用野味和生肉等。揭示、探析这些习俗不仅具有重要的学术价值,而且对于今天培育人们良好的卫生习惯、防止疫病传播、增强人民体质健康、营造美好的城乡环境、促进生态文明建设,亦具有积极的史鉴意义。     

晚明文艺思潮对绘画的影响─—徐渭、董其昌比较研究

本文以徐渭和董其昌作为个例分析，讨论了晚明文艺思潮对当时绘画风格、形式变化的影响。     

中国出境旅游安全事故时空分布格局及形成机制

以原国家旅游局“旅行社责任保险统保示范项目”中的11115条出境旅游出险案例为研究对象，运用数理统计和空间计量方法，对中国出境旅游安全事故时空分布格局及形成机制进行分析。研究表明：①出境旅游安全事故总体区域分布呈现出异质性和高度凝聚的分布态势。②各类型旅游安全事故具有集中性、差异性的频次分布特征和空间集聚特征。③各大洲旅游安全事故呈现出逐年扩张的发展态势，事故高发核心区聚集性不断增强，不同区域的旅游安全事故呈现出差异化的年际变化特征，各州事故季节波动也存在异质性，但均出现下降趋势。④旅游安全事故时空分布格局形成受客源地主体因素和目的地客体因素的共同影响，不同探测因子的影响力度呈现差异化特征。     

新疆宋元时期也木勒遗址出土玻璃的工艺与成分研究

也木勒遗址位于新疆维吾尔自治区塔城地区额敏县,是北方丝绸之路上的重镇,考古发掘确定其为宋元时期的大型遗址。为探讨该遗址出土玻璃的成型工艺和来源,本研究以该遗址中的9个玻璃碎片作为对象,通过观察成型工艺,并利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(LA-ICP-AES)技术分析样品的化学成分。结果显示,这批素面透明的玻璃片为无模吹制而成的日常实用器皿,成分上属于钠钙玻璃体系,Na_2O含量低,K_2O含量较高,并含有P_2O_5,助熔剂可能是含有草木灰的混合碱,成分特征与同时期葱岭以西中亚地区、新疆地区生产的玻璃器相似。结合新疆同时期玻璃器发现,多是装饰简洁,出土地点等级一般的普通实用性器皿,说明玻璃器已进入平民的日常生活之中,反映出新疆地方民族政权较中原地区先融合了中西亚将玻璃器作为日常生活用具的文化,形成了与中原玻璃器功用的差异之处。研究结果为丰富国内宋元时期新疆玻璃器的研究资料,揭示新疆地区玻璃器的使用面貌,探讨宋元时期少数民族地方政权的文化交流提供重要信息。     

烧制温度对红砖物理力学性质的影响

在多年自然营力作用下,有些古建筑的砖体正遭受着严重的风化破坏,亟需修复和加固。为此,通过试验,研究烧制温度对红砖物理力学性质的影响,以期为古建筑修复和保护提供理论参考。利用模具手工制作边长为5 cm的立方体黏土砖。利用高温炉分别在700、800、900、1 000和1 100℃的温度下烧制成红砖。然后,测试不同烧制温度下红砖的块体密度、颗粒密度、开孔孔隙率、总孔隙率、常压吸水率、饱和吸水率、毛细吸水系数、纵波波速、孔径分布、单轴抗压强度。结果表明,烧制温度会影响物理力学性质,但物理力学性质并非随着烧制温度的增加而改善。烧制温度为1 100℃时砖的性能最优,烧制温度为800℃和900℃时砖的性能中等,烧制温度为700℃和1 000℃时砖的性能差。本文分析了烧制温度为1 000℃时红砖的物理力学性质差的原因。研究结果可为古建筑修复和保护提供理论参考。     

China's Belt and Road Initiative in Central Asia and the Middle East

China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) aims at connecting the continents of Asia, Europe, and Africa through a combination of infrastructure projects and soft‐power programs. All of the six land bridges and maritime routes under the BRI extend westward, mostly passing through Central Asia and the Middle East on land or by sea. Cooperation with countries in these regions will, according to China's design, meet its domestic energy needs, and grow the country's economy. China recognizes, however, that in Central Asia and the Middle East, the risks posed by what it calls the “Three Evils” — terrorism, extremism, and separatism can impact the success of the BRI. They can also impact stability in its own adjacent areas, including Xinjiang. Therefore, in concert with the BRI, China is also identifying and deploying bilateral and multilateral diplomatic mechanisms aimed at security coordination with BRI countries in these two volatile regions. This article provides an overview of BRI developments in the two regions and examines some of the diplomatic mechanisms China is using to coordinate security and reduce risks.     

中国大城市旅游休闲业态的空间格局研究：西安案例

明确大城市旅游休闲业态的分布规律对于提高大城市旅游休闲要素配置效率及完善城市现代服务业体系具有重要意义。本文以机构兴趣点（POI）数据为基础,利用最邻近距离指数、核密度估计及地理探测器等空间分析方法,以西安市为案例探究中国大城市旅游休闲业态空间格局的规律性。结果表明,西安城市旅游休闲总体业态和细分业态均表现为在城市中心局部多核集聚,且业态密度由城市中心区向边缘区梯度递减的分布结构。而这一规律实则为消费市场、CBD区位、经济水平和路网密度等因素综合作用的结果。文章认为,为提高大城市旅游休闲产业要素配置的均衡性与高效性,城市管理者需兼顾城市中心及外围区域的统筹发展,并应在消费引导、资本投入、功能区建设和基础设施优化方面加大对外围区域的支持力度。     

China’s soft power conundrum,film coproduction,and visions of shared prosperity

ABSTRACT

This paper looks at China’s soft power strategy in relation to the film industry, which since the early 2000s has opened to international co-productions and investment. Despite many coproduction projects being endorsed by government, results have not added significantly to China’s film-making reputation. The paper shows that coproductions have a diplomatic function, which implies a more conventional understanding of soft power. The paper also considers the tension between artistic freedom and censorship that impacts on all coproduction projects in China and which undermines the efficacy of China’s soft power strategy. The paper advances the proposition that coproduction with countries in Eurasia under the cultural template of the Belt and Road Initiative might present new opportunities to blend China’s stories into a narrative of shared prosperity. In doing this, the advance of China’s economic power is supported by cultural policies that evoke a historical past as much as a shared future.     

Dysfunctional path dependence in mid‐century butterfat dairy farming on eastern Australia's subtropical coastlands: case studies at Moruya and Copmanhurst

The concept of path dependence is central to the current discourse on evolutionary approaches in regional transformations. Along the subtropical coastlands of eastern Australia, low‐input, low‐income, and labour‐intensive dairy farms were subject to prolonged dysfunction. Their creation and entrenchment serve as a potent case study of path dependence and lock‐in that were driven by mutually reinforcing attributes—behavioural, socio‐economic, cultural, political, and infrastructural. Functional rigidification and incipient dissolution were scrutinised in farm surveys undertaken from 1952 to 1954 in the Moruya and Copmanhurst districts of coastal New South Wales. At both locales, the dairy industry comprised a core of long‐term stable producers located mainly on the more accessible and productive alluvial soils, together with a fluctuating number of marginal producers motivated by a variable mix of personal, locational, and temporal influences. The demise of dairying was prolonged, in part by the industry's exceptional survival capabilities and in part by the lack of any viable alternative farming staple. The belated collapse of dairy farming in the 1960s and 1970s has facilitated the emergence and lock‐in of an alternative multifunctional pathway, driven primarily by consumption with subordinate production and protection values. The two case studies reveal synergies between the closely aligned path dependence and the multifunctional trajectory/transition concepts in yielding insights into the dynamics of rural change and in offering guidelines for further research within evolutionary economic geography.