两汉时期的济源及其陶器─—济源汉代陶器图说之一

河南省济源市位于豫西北一隅,北依太行,南带黄河,是中国古代四渎之一的北渎济水的发源地。早在战国时期,济源已被视为“有夏之居”,坐落在市郊济水东西二源之间的原城遗址,面积达８０万平方米,文化内涵丰富,被学术界推定为夏代帝杼所都之原。西周时武王曾封其胞弟原叔于此,作为拱卫京师的帝胄采邑。东周以原为王畿属地,后来周襄王以原赐晋,晋文公令大夫赵衰为原伯在此长期经营,原因此得到进一步的发展,原城遗址的龙山时代及东周时期的遗存,证实了此地曾经的繁荣。战国时期济源另一处较为发达的地区是位于原城西南的职。软与原…     

Umm an‐Nar burial 401 at Bat,Oman: architecture and finds

The archaeological site at Bat has an important status with regard to research on the Umm an‐Nar culture. Investigations began there in 1972 and were revived in 2004, when the excavation of tomb 401 was begun. This paper presents the complete corpus of grave‐goods. Despite all the disturbances within the find layers, when comparing the two chambers it is possible to observe some indications of the different burial cycles and detect distinguishing characteristics. Taking into account the divergent earlier and later ceramic styles, burial use must be proposed between 2400 and 2200 BC. This date accords with observations of the architectural details of tomb 401 and with the sequence of tomb construction types in the Bat region. This paper is dedicated to the memory of professor Gerd Weisgerber.     

Narcissus's Mirror: Manufacture and Modernism in the American Great Basin—The Case of Pottery

The commodification of pottery cannot be reduced to strict econo-technological terms. Commodification is a cultural process, enmeshed in local, regional, and international systems of meaning. As Victorian Modernism eroded, anti-modern movements commodified traditional culture. These philosophies, themselves commodities, had repercussions on the pottery industry throughout the world. In both America and Australia, these processes produced art and studio potteries. In the American Great Basin, these changes were experienced very differently by potters from different cultures. The commodification and industrialization of modern pottery factories predicated the reification of a pre-industrial artisanal past.     

徐州地区西汉陶俑的发现及初步研究

徐州地区西汉陶俑可分为兵俑、乐舞俑、仪仗俑、侍俑四个大类。并由俱象写实向形神兼备的方向演变,其乐舞俑生动的形象栩栩如生,成为汉代陶俑的经典之作。     

Technological Characterization of Campanian Pottery of Type A,B and C and of Regional Products from Ancient Calabria (Southern Italy)

Sherds of Campanian pottery were studied by SEM‐EDX. SEM images show that slips of Campana C are scarcely sintered and are thicker than the well vitrified coatings of Campana A and B and imitations of Campana B. Slips of products with a grey slip on a grey body are very thin and well vitrified. EDX analyses indicate that slips are richer in aluminium and iron, and poorer in silicon and calcium, with respect to the bodies. Higher potassium is also found in all of the coatings except those of Campana A. Here relatively high sodium makes the total alkalis comparable with those of the other products, except Campana C, where it is somewhat lower. Measurement of thermal expansion and X‐ray powder diffractograms suggest that firing temperatures were mostly in excess of 900°C, but some samples of Campana C seem to have been fired below 800°C.     

O. Elusa 2: Another Enigmatic Ostracon from the Pottery Workshop at Elusa in Byzantine Palestine

Abstract

A rather enigmatic Greek ostracon (O. Elusa 2) was recovered during the 1997 excavation season at Elusa in the Negev Desert. This ostracon is analysed in light of its archaeological setting, namely, a Byzantine pottery workshop, and the associated finds from the workshop, including a previously published ostracon (O. Elusa 1). Such an integrative approach underscores the importance of combining papyrological and archaeo- logical information for the interpretation of excavated texts.     

The effects of geographical distances on pottery assemblage similarities: a case study from Northern Iroquoia

A basic premise of archaeology is that the more frequently two human populations interacted with one another the more similar was their material culture. A corollary of this is that the closer two human populations are to one another geographically, the more frequently they will interact. This corollary has been expressed in the archaeological study of northern Iroquoia since the 1950s on the basis of historical ethnic territories. The expectation has been that after ca. A.D. 1000 to 1300 there was more interaction between village populations within these historical territories than between village populations located in different historical territories. Here I test this corollary with pottery decoration data from 114 northern Iroquoian village sites dating from c. A.D. 1350 to 1640. Results indicate that geographic distance has little effect on pottery assemblage similarity.     

江西仙人洞遗址两万年前陶器的年代研究

陶器的出现使得人类生存和社会行为发生了重要转变。我们对江西万年仙人洞遗址出土陶器进行了年代研究、对陶片和碳十四测年样品层位关系开展地层显微结构分析,结果显示遗址出土最早的陶片年代为距今19,000～20,000年,比东亚和其他地区的陶器早了2000～3000年。洞穴内遗存证明这些陶器是在末次冰盛期由采集狩猎者所制造,可能被用做炊煮器。说明陶器在农业出现以前一万年甚至更早就被制造和使用了。     

低温陶器的烧成温度测定及其初步应用

针对常规热膨胀法不适用于低温陶器原始烧成温度测定的现状,我系师生经过几年努力,建立健全了测定低温陶器原始烧成温度的热膨胀方法。本文旨在介绍完善健全这一方法的模拟实验和相关理论,以及它在东胡林遗址出土陶器烧成温度测定上的成功应用。显然,这一方法的健全和东胡林出土陶器烧成温度的测定,对于早期陶器烧制工艺的研究皆具有极为重要的意义。     

徐州西汉墓陪葬陶俑述论

徐州作为两汉重要的诸侯王封国所在地,有较多西汉墓陪葬有陶俑。从总体上看,徐州西汉墓陪葬陶俑经历了萌芽、繁荣和衰落的全面发展过程,每一阶段都有其自身的特点和表现形式,并与社会的发展及葬制、葬俗的演进等密切相关。徐州西汉墓陪葬陶俑还与本地区东汉墓葬及周边地区西汉墓葬的陪葬陶俑存在一些相同和不同之处,综合反映出相关丧葬内容、物质文化等的时代特点及地域特征。