农区产业集群、网络与中部崛起

我国中部六省地区由于多种原因在全国区域经济格局中已经成为了"经济增长速度的相对塌陷地区",实施"中部崛起"战略是学术界、中央和地方政府达成的共识。本文在分析中部地区存在问题的基础上提出,实施产业集群战略、创建本地企业网络是实现中部崛起的有效途径。发展农区产业集群可以提高集群企业和区域产业的竞争力,推动农村工业化和城镇化进程,促进县域经济的发展。而企业之间的网络联系是产业集群的本质特征,培育产业集群必须从创建企业网络入手。最后,本文对如何在中部农区培育产业集群、创建企业网络作了探讨。     

城市地理学空间研究的新视角——都市区阴阳结构

统筹发展是新的历史条件下的现实选择,其出发点与立足点是普遍存在的客观差异。研究空间差异是城市地理学的基本命题,但对于都市区内部空间发展的差异,既有的区域层面的研究成果对此并不完全适用。笔者认为,都市区内部空间发展差异存在着明显的"阴阳结构"。本文试图以"阳面区和阴面区"界定都市区内部存在发展差异的空间地域,并对其概念、内涵、特征、机制等进行探讨与剖析,以新的辨证思维和新的视角来研究新的境遇下都市区空间的发展。     

农村贫困化与空心化耦合发展的空间分异及影响因素研究

农村贫困化与空心化是乡村地域系统衰退的主要表征和关键内因，在当前乡村振兴初期和脱贫攻坚决胜期，深入探究二者间互动关系，有助于了解乡村发展阶段，缓解深度贫困，促进城乡融合发展。本文以宁夏同心县为例，采用MPI和人口空心化综合评价法测算农村贫困化与空心化程度，并进行耦合发展空间分析和影响因素探测。结果表明：①农村贫困化与空心化耦合程度呈现低、中、高3种趋势交替出现的“北低南高”空间分布格局，高度耦合区多集中于南部山区；②乡村地域系统衰退程度与耦合度空间分布基本吻合，贫困地区乡村普遍处于亚健康和非健康发展状态；③农村自然条件和资源禀赋是影响乡村发展的基础因素，区位条件是其重要因素，经济基础则是其决定性因素，各因子之间相互作用增加了乡村地域系统发展的复杂性。     

“Choking without killing”: Opacity and the grey area of migration governmentality

This paper focuses on the “grey area of migration governmentality” by dealing with modes of border violence which are opaque and remain under the threshold of political visibility and that, however, highly disrupt and hamper migrants' lives and movements. It starts by conceptualising the notion of “grey area” by building on scholarship that questions the biopolitical formula “making live/letting die” highlighting modes of governing migration through choking and injuring. Building on that, the paper shows that the grey area consists of heterogenous political technologies that choke migrants and disrupt their infrastructures of liveability. In light of that, it moves on by analysing how migrants across Europe are contained and governed by being choked and cramped, with a specific focus on Calais and Ventimiglia. The third section shows that to be disrupted are not only migrants’ but also their infrastructures of liveability: migrants are hampered from building collective spaces of life. In the last part, the article comes to grips with opacity as a constitutive feature of the grey area of governmentality, analysing how this is played out both in local decrees and through police tactics.     

武汉市滨水公共游憩空间生产的过程与机理

城市滨水公共游憩空间是城市功能转型的典型代表。运用实地调研、访谈、批判性语篇分析等方法，基于列斐伏尔的空间生产理论和福柯的微观权力理论，建立起贯穿空间规划、建设、管理和使用全过程的解构思路，从“规训者—反规训者”视角分析了武汉市滨水公共游憩空间生产的过程和机制。研究发现：①武汉市滨水公共游憩空间的生产是规训者与反规训者相互作用、共同推动的结果，经历了由空间的表征主导的“游憩化规划”阶段，由空间的实践主导的“水岸重塑”阶段和由表征的空间主导的“流动秩序实践”阶段；②多元利益主体在不同阶段形成了自上而下的趋同性空间再造和自下而上的异质性空间实践，但政府始终主导着空间生产过程，保障了其游憩化、公益性方向。     

Economic resilience of metropolitan,old industrial,and rural regions in two subsequent recessionary shocks

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we focus on the question of how particular types of regions react to economic shocks. Drawing on a case study of Czech microregions, we aim to determine if the old industrial regions differ significantly from other types of regions (metropolitan, urban, rural) in (post)crisis economic development. Two aspects of regional resilience (measured by unemployment growth) were considered: recession and recovery. We focused on the comparison of two subsequent recessionary shocks: the 2008–2010 global recession and the 2012–2013 austerity crisis. Metropolitan regions showed relatively stable economic development. Old industrial regions were more resilient than expected. Rural regions exhibited highly diverse reactions: lower resistance was characteristic for regions specialized (mostly) in automotive and some labour-intensive industries. The first wave of recession increased unemployment mostly in (rural) regions dependent on export-oriented manufacturing, the second wave especially hit larger cities with metropolitan functions. Regions that experienced a sharp unemployment increase in the first recession were generally more resistant in the second wave. All types of regions were internally highly diverse in their reactions to economic crises, which points to the importance of micro-regional variations of economic resilience, the performance of individual local firms and subsidiaries, and extra-regional factors of regional development.     

河谷型城市居民生活空间质量特征及社会效应——以兰州市为例

城市居民高品质生活建设是推进新型城镇化、提升城市功能品质的有效途径。以兰州市为例，借助步行指数从安全性、健康性、便利性、舒适性和社会性五个维度构建城市生活空间质量指标体系，对兰州市河谷地区1221个居住小区生活空间质量及其产生的社会效应展开分析。结果表明：①兰州市城市综合生活空间质量整体偏低，呈“一主两次”的多核组团式空间结构，且具有“东高西低”的不均衡特征。②舒适性空间呈“高值—分散、低值—集中”；便利性空间呈多中心向外递减的趋势；健康性空间呈“中间高，两头低，高值偏东”格局；安全性空间呈河谷中心向外递减的趋势；社会性空间呈河谷中心高度集聚、边缘低值集中连片分布。③生活空间质量以中等质量生活空间、较低生活质量空间、低质量生活空间为主，较高生活质量次之，高质量生活空间最少。④兰州市生活空间质量分异产生了居民住房不平等与居住分异、资源配置失衡与空间剥夺、社会信任危机与社会隔离，以及居住区有机更新和空间重构等社会效应。     

基于多源数据的兰州市主城区城市职住空间关系研究

随着中国经济转轨和社会转型，“职住分离”日趋严重，导致城市出现了一系列问题，急需对新的职住关系进行检视。职住关系研究的难点在于如何有效地锁定居住地、工作地，以及居民如何在居住地-工作地之间位移、居住-就业的空间匹配关系。论文以百度POI大数据和热力图为支撑，辅助问卷调查，结合兰州市土地利用现状图，综合应用职住比模型和最近距离等分析方法，多尺度刻画了兰州市主城区的职住关系。结果表明：在城区尺度上，兰州市职住关系总体处于平衡状态，职住平衡型占99.40%，居住倾向型和就业倾向型分别仅占0.12%和0.48%。从城市核心区到边缘区，职住失衡逐渐加重。职住平衡更多地体现在单位型社区上，失衡主要由商业型社区引致。在街道尺度上，职住关系差异明显，绝大多数街道处于职住平衡状态。城市核心区街道以“就业倾向型”为主；边缘区街道表现为“居住倾向型”。