Numerical Modeling of a Church Nave Wall Subjected to Differential Settlements: Soil-Structure Interaction,Time-Dependence and Sensitivity Analysis

ABSTRACT

Historic masonry structures are particularly sensitive to differential soil settlements. These settlements may be caused by deformable soil, shallow or inadequate foundation, structural additions in the building and changes in the underground water table due to the large-scale land use change in urban areas.

This paper deals with the numerical modeling of a church nave wall subjected to differential settlement caused by a combination of the above factors. The building in question, the church of Saint Jacob in Leuven, has suffered extensive damage caused by centuries-long settlement. A numerical simulation campaign is carried out in order to reproduce and interpret the cracking damage observed in the building.

The numerical analyses are based on material and soil property determination, the monitoring of settlement in the church over an extended period of time and soil-structure interaction. A sensitivity study is carried out, focused on the effect of material parameters on the response in terms of settlement magnitude and crack width and extent. Soil consolidation over time is considered through an analytical approach. The numerical results are compared with the in-situ observed damage and with an analytical damage prediction model.     

明代播州杨氏墓出土冠饰上的蓝宝石矿料来源研究

目前国内出土了大量不同种类的明代彩色宝石文物,但绝大多数彩色宝石并不产自中国。为探讨播州杨氏墓出土的七凤三龙金冠上镶嵌的蓝宝石的矿料来源,本研究采用微量元素与内部包裹体特征相结合的方法对样品进行分析。通过激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(LA-ICP-MS)分析样品的微量元素特征,发现样品的Fe、Ga含量较低、Mg含量较高以及Ga/Mg比值较低,以此得出样品为变质成因的蓝宝石,排除其产自岩浆成因矿床。观察样品的内部包裹体特征,并与不同变质成因蓝宝石产地样品的内部包裹体特征进行对比分析,得出该样品内部包裹体特征更类似于缅甸、马达加斯加蓝宝石。最后结合不同地区蓝宝石矿床发现、开采历史记载,综合研究分析得出,该件蓝宝石文物的矿料最可能来自于缅甸矿区。此项研究可为探索我国古代以蓝宝石为代表的彩色宝石类文物的产地研究提供一定科学依据。     

指纹元素分析对南宋郊坛官窑的起源研究

选取30个南宋官瓷样品、2个效坛官窑的原料、紫金土和4个现代仿官瓷样品进行中子活化分析（NAA）,测定每个样品中36种微量元素的含量。从这36种元素中挑选出9种指纹元素的含量进行散布分析。结果表明：南宋官窑的釉料和胎料产地明显不同;南宋官窑有着长期稳定的釉料和胎料产地;遗址缸内的原料（35#）、练泥池内的原料（36#）、紫金土（37#）既不同于古官瓷的釉料,也不同于胎料。练泥地内的原料（36#）比较接近于胎料。现代官瓷的釉料和胎料与古官瓷的明显不同,说明它们的产地不同。     

Writing in wartime China: Chongqing,Shanghai, and Southern Zhejiang

ABSTRACT

The outbreak of the full-scale Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) brought an end to the printing and publishing industry centered in Shanghai in the 1930s. Chongqing then emerged as a nerve center of information and opinion. Writers everywhere worked under wartime conditions of social dislocation, economic dependency, and political control. This article examines the writing and publishing of three notable pieces of work completed in wartime Chongqing, Shanghai, and southern Zhejiang, respectively. The article explores the context in which each work was written and then evaluates the broader significance of the texts with regard to a historical assessment of the Chinese intellectual experience during wartime.