Railways as a Factor of Change in the Distribution of Population in Spain, 1900–1970

Abstract

The central focus of this work is to test a new methodology to measure the impact of the railway on the distribution of population, in this case in Spain. To achieve this, it was necessary to previously integrate data relating to population and railway lines into a geographical information system. The result was a spatial database that includes population data from homogeneous census series obtained for the municipal scale and the evolution of the railway network in service at corresponding points in time. This allowed the authors to apply spatial-temporal analysis. By so doing, this work constitutes an analysis of a new methodology, as they used exploratory spatial data analysis and geographically weighted regression to detect spatial patterns and estimate the influence of the railway and distance from the coast on population change. The results obtained show that the influence of the railway was very pronounced in some areas, while in others it was just one of the factors that could explain major changes in population distribution.     

A Core-Periphery GIS Model of the Historical Growth and Spread of Islam in China

Abstract

This study presents the methodology and results of a core-periphery GIS model of the historical growth and spread of Islam in China based on a dataset of 1,774 mosques. These sites were organized into data subsets according to their founding dates during five major dynastic periods in Chinese history: Tang/Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing, and Republican. Core areas were identified and mapped based on where mosques clustered during each period. North China was the paramount core region in all periods. Not until the late Qing and Republican periods did the Northwest and Yunnan compare with North China, while coastal China never developed into a core area.     

Qualitative Methods for the Study of Policy Diffusion: Challenges and Available Solutions

This article deals with the question whether and how processes of policy diffusion can be examined with qualitative methods. More specifically, how can qualitative methods address the “twin challenge of interdependence,” namely the challenge to identify diffusion, on the one hand, and the challenge to discriminate between mechanisms of diffusion, on the other? I argue, first, that there are three distinct qualitative techniques that can be used, namely cross‐case analysis (often based on systematic case selection), within‐case process tracing, and counterfactual reasoning. I demonstrate how these techniques can be adapted to the study of policy diffusion. Second, a combination of these methods is the best practice, since they are largely complementary in terms of the twin challenge of diffusion. The discussion draws on numerous illustrations from recent qualitative policy diffusion studies. The article closes with some suggestions for further methodological development in the study of policy diffusion, including the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods.     

Mapping History: Cartography and the Construction of the San Pedro Valley

The San Pedro Valley of North America’s desert Southwest has been depicted in maps for over four centuries. These images composed by Euro‐American colonialists do not merely portray a topographical reality; they also construct singular notions of place. While place‐making often inspires a rich awareness of self and belonging, it is also a device of power that shapes people’s desires, perceptions and experiences. Employing Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, we explore the hidden messages embedded in maps from the 1500s to 1800s to reveal the social and political ideologies that buttressed the Spanish, Mexican and American empires. These analyses illustrate that Euro‐American maps do not advance in a linear evolution from simple (unknown) to complex (known) in the production of place. Rather they act to legitimize colonial rule through strategies of representation that privilege Euro‐American standpoints and disregard competing claims of entitlement.     

GIS在历史及文化地理学研究中的应用——国外研究进展综述

通过对国外文献的分析,总结了GIS应用于历史地理学、文化地理学、考古和文化资源管理方面的研究进展,介绍了国外主要的历史文化地理信息系统的建设实践。从中看出,GIS已经应用在历史地理学和文化地理学的很多层面上,正日益成为国外社会科学研究发展的一个新趋势。文章总结国外该领域发展的情况,结合国内研究的实际,认为国内的历史、文化地理研究中GIS应用拥有巨大的发展潜力。为此,国内历史和文化地理学者应该重新认识GIS的作用,开发适合的GIS应用软件,搭建跨学科的合作研究平台,积极争取将GIS在历史文化研究中的应用纳入到数字城市计划之中。     

基于GIS的盐城城市内部空间结构演变分析

根据1984、1997、2003、2006年4个时相数据,运用GIS的空间分析方法,对盐城城市工业、居住、公共服务用地的空间分异特征进行分析,并利用多种景观格局指数,分析了三种功能用地的完整性、集聚性和异质性特征。结果表明:1984-2006年盐城城市内部空间结构演变过程可划分为集聚、分散、再集聚三个阶段,同时演变中存在"工业围城"、城市中心区的工业和居住用地比重偏大等问题。     

Tourism consumption and the imagination of money

This paper supplements exisiting research on tourism consumption through a focus on money. It draws upon recent work in the geography of money and economic sociology, arguing that the understandings of money used by consumers are of importance to the social formation of tourism. Using a theoretical framework that links consumption studies and reconceptualizations of money, the paper develops a qualitative case study of British long-haul travellers. It concludes that consumers' understandings of money are integral to the ways in which tourists seek to engage with destinations, and points out some implications for the politics of tourism.     

城市规划中的社会公平性问题浅析

本文以可持续发展的观点,分析了在现代市场经济条件下城市规划中的社会公平性问题的表现形式;并通过建立分析模型,借助地理信息系统的空间分析功能对规划用地中的公平性问题进行了探讨性的分析研究;文中还就苏州工业园区为例,介绍了其规划中的公平性问题处理的成功经验,最后强调了城市规划中对规划公平问题重视的重要性。     

GIS在北京延庆大庄科辽代冶铁遗址群景观考古研究中的初步应用

以北京延庆县大庄科乡冶铁遗址群为例,对空间结构及其与资源、环境间的关系通过GIS工具进行分析。根据对冶炼活动有显著关系的影响因子,建立遗址分布之间的定量关系,进而模拟小区域范围内的遗址预测。研究发现,该区冶铁遗址群对地理位置中的坡度和高程因素展现出较强的依赖性,主要表现为遗址的坡度(7°以下)和高程(650m以下)数值均相对较小;遗址与水系间联系明显,冶铁遗址主要集中在河流交汇处,方便冶炼过程及相关活动水源的供应;而随着冶炉容积(即冶铁产量)的增加,小范围内的冶铁遗址选择,并未以铁矿资源距离就近为最佳选取原则,表明了人类生产活动中对资源的依赖程度有所减低。     

基于慢城视角的长江三角洲慢旅游目的地开发适宜性评价

慢旅游作为长江三角洲旅游一体化的新驱动力,对长江三角洲旅游产业升级具有重要意义。本文运用RS数据和GIS技术,基于慢城视角,以人类活动强度、自然地理环境、历史文化为慢旅游目的地开发的主要参考标准,选取夜间灯光、土地利用现状、地形高程、大气气溶胶、国家历史文化名城（名镇、名村）5个评价因子,对不同因子赋予不同权重后进行空间运算,开展适宜性评价。结果显示：长江三角洲慢旅游开发适宜区主要位于自然和人文条件均很优越的苏南河网密集区、浙北（宁波）滨海区域及浙南风光优美山区。