Théodore Flournoy on synesthetic personification

In 1893, Théodore Flournoy published a landmark book on synesthesia — Des phénomènes de synopsie [Of Synoptic Phenomena]. The book presented a pioneering chapter on synesthetic personification, including numerous striking case examples, and it is frequently cited by twenty-first-century researchers as providing some of the earliest examples of the phenomenon. Flournoy employed a broad definition of personification — the representation of stimuli as concrete and specific individuals or inanimate objects. This definition encompassed a more extensive set of phenomena than the definition used by researchers today and was illustrated by cases that would fall outside of contemporary subtypes of synesthetic personification. Yet, Flournoy’s seminal work remains unavailable in English, and the extent of the phenomenon that he described has not been discussed in the contemporary literature. We provide an unabridged translation of Flournoy’s chapter “Des personnifications” [“Of Personifications”].     

网络辅助型旅游及其旅游者研究

网络辅助型旅游是借助互联网发展起来的一种新兴的旅游方式,它有着不同于传统旅游方式的新的特点,而作为网络辅助型旅游主体的旅游者也同样如此。本文首先界定了他们的概念,再分别从网络辅助型旅游以及网络辅助型旅游者心理和行为两个方面进行分析,力图发现他们的一些新的特点,以此为相关部门的决策提供依据。     

唐朝下层士人社会交往特征及其心态

唐朝下层士人的社会交往具有鲜明的时代特色,他们以科举和入幕为社交中心,以上层权贵、名士及地方官为社交对象,展开觅举、游丐、游幕等社交活动,并在这些社交活动中表现出不同的心态。     

试论诸葛亮的从政心理与丞相之路

面对曹、孙、刘三家争夺天下的政治局面 ,诸葛亮为何最终选择了刘备 ,这需要对他的从政心理作深层次的剖析。诸葛亮投奔刘备是根据自身条件作出的最明智的抉择。他看中的是刘备在军事和人力资源上的弱势 ,而不是为了拥刘反曹、中兴汉室。由于关羽成了诸葛亮丞相之路上的最大障碍 ,故其不惜假吴军之手翦除之。诸葛亮又运用权术分割了法正的部分权力。经过十余年的苦心经营 ,诸葛亮终于登上了丞相的宝座。     

民众心理需求与太平天国的兴亡

以往对太平天国兴亡问题的研究主要是从阶级根源、经济根源、思想根源、民族根源乃至灾荒、人口和气候等方面去进行反思和总结,主要遵循自上而下和阶级分析的方法。很少将考察的重心放在社会最基层的广大民众身上。但是“战争的伟力之最深厚的根源,存在于民众之中”。如果自下而上换位思考,民众的需求,尤其是心理需求能否得到满足,是关系到太平天国兴亡最重要的原因。按照心理学需求动因理论,民众的生理需求、安全需求和归属相爱需求无疑直接构成太平天国兴亡的最原始、最强有力的心理动因。     

The evolution of the civic–ethnic distinction as a partial success story: Lessons for the nationalism–patriotism distinction

This article brings, for the first time, two of the most pivotal distinctions in nationalism studies into extended dialogue: the civic–ethnic distinction (CED) and the nationalism–patriotism distinction (NPD). By reviewing both the evolution of those distinctions over the previous decades and the ways in which they have been used in quantitative empirical research, we argue that the CED's evolution has been a partial success story, whereas discourse around the NPD has not seen substantial development. Despite lingering inconsistencies, researchers drawing on the CED have been successful in addressing different lines of critique and in using the CED as a heuristic for investigating notions of nationhood as expressed in public perceptions. In contrast, there has been only limited dialogue between theoretical and empirical approaches to the NPD. The article illustrates how research drawing on the NPD could profit from the CED's evolution. We close by providing a conceptual roadmap to guide the path towards more terminological clarity and to construct more theoretically robust measures for nationalism and patriotism. We specifically suggest that nationalism and patriotism should be consistently understood as ideal types that citizens can simultaneously hold to varying degrees.     

二十世纪中外心理史学概述

本文主要介绍19世纪末至20世纪末西方和中国心理史学发展的基本状况。狄尔泰和李凯尔特是德国批判历史哲学中新康德主义的杰出代表;从费弗尔、布洛赫到布罗代尔,则代表着法国年鉴学派“精神状态史”研究与“长时段”理论有机结合的过程。这期间,弗洛伊德是促使心理史学转变的主要人物。二战后,西方心理史学的中心转移到美国。中国自20世纪20年代开始接受心理史学,朱谦之、何炳松具有译介之功;梁启超最早尝试使用心理史学的方法。六七十年代以后,经殷海光、李泽厚到王富仁、谢天佑等人的不断努力,心理史学真正在中国付诸实践,且渐成气候。至新的世纪之交,心理史学在普及中已形成诸多的研究门类,其中以章开沅提出的“离异与回归”的分析模式最具代表性和影响力。