排序方式: 共有80条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Mark Blades J M Blaut Zhra Darvizeh Silvia Elguea Steve Sowden Dhiru Soni Christopher Spencer David Stea Roy Surajpaul David Uttal 《Transactions (Institute of British Geographers : 1965)》1998,23(2):269-277
The mapping abilities of four-year-old children in York, England, Durban, South Africa, Tehran, Iran, Mexico City, Mexico and Evanston, Illinois, USA were investigated, using a methodology involving air-photo identification and simulated navigation on an air photo. The results show that essential mapping abilities (perspective and scale transformations) are well developed by the age of four in these cultures, and provide some evidence in support of the hypothesis that mapping abilities emerge without training in very young children of all cultures. 相似文献
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John F. Hoffecker 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2007,14(4):359-387
Living humans are unique among the animal kingdom with respect to their ability to externalize mental representations outside
the brain through a variety of media and in a recursive or creative manner (i.e., generating a potentially infinite array
of combinations). Earlier humans evolved two specialized organs—the hand and the vocal tract—as primary instruments for externalizing
artificial or semantic representations. These organs and the externalized representations may have co-evolved with the Homo brain. The archaeological record yields examples of simple representations by 1.6 mya. More complex, hierarchical, and recursive
forms are evident by roughly 0.25 mya. Complex and highly recursive representations in a wide range of media (including representations
of representations in the form of visual art) emerge after 0.1 mya among anatomically modern humans. 相似文献
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Kim Carlotta von Schönfeld Wendy Tan Carina Wiekens Willem Salet Leonie Janssen-Jansen 《European Planning Studies》2019,27(7):1291-1313
This article highlights the psychological dimension of social learning. Insights from psychology address the interrelated role of personal and group dynamics in social learning. This can provide a useful starting point for a rewarding use of social learning as an analytical tool in co-creative planning. Such an approach to social learning proves beneficial to (i) identify both positive and negative potential effects of social learning, (ii) untangle hidden power relationships at play at individual and small group levels in relation to social psychological factors, and (iii) discern the role of individuals and small groups within their larger contexts. The findings are empirically illustrated with a case of incremental urban development in Groningen, the Netherlands. 相似文献
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Sophia Gräfe 《Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte》2022,45(1-2):55-86
This paper considers the epistemic career of visual media in ethology in the mid-20th century. Above all, ethologists claimed close contact with research animals and drew scientific evidence from these human-animal communities, particularly in public relations. However, if we look into the toolboxes of comparative behavioral biologists, it becomes evident that scientifically valid research results were primarily obtained by experimenting with model images. These visual specimens tell a technical story of the methodological requirements in behavioral science necessary to bridge everyday observations between the laboratory and the field. By neutralizing individual traces of animal bodies as well as their observers, they prompted the abstraction of ethological hypotheses. The case study of East-German biologist Günter Tembrock (1918–2011), who maintained his own collection of newspaper clippings, drawings, photographs, and films, offers a new perspective on the methodological development of this field. Furthermore, this article contributes to a scholarly discussion geared toward expanding the spaces of ethological research. My analysis of the image collections of the Forschungsstätte für Tierpsychologie presents the archive as a relevant site of study in the history of ethology. 相似文献
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EDWARD SWENSON 《Reviews in Anthropology》2013,42(3):173-200
Religion is often considered as key to interpreting human psychological and social processes. Yet, the notion that ritual performance and religious beliefs offer a transparent portal onto the inner workings of culture, power relations, historical change, and cognition are subject to critique. The political and psychological implications of ritual practice differ considerably from culture to culture and religion defies reduction to a single explanatory or etiological framework. Anthropologists best learn about emic and etic understandings of belief by interpreting the historically varied articulations of religious experience with other social domains. 相似文献
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George Adelman 《Journal of the history of the neurosciences》2013,22(1):15-23
The interdisciplinary field, “neuroscience,” began at MIT in 1962 with the founding of the Neurosciences Research Program (NRP) by Francis O. Schmitt and a group of US and international scientists — physical, biological, medical, and behavioral — interested in understanding the brain basis of behavior and mind. They organized and held specialist meetings of basic topics in neuroscience, and the journal and book publications over the next 20 years, based on these meetings, helped establish the new field. 相似文献
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Christine McCarthy 《International Journal of Heritage Studies》2013,19(6):624-636
This paper proposes the need for heritage strategies and policies to engage with the psychological literature on risk perception because current heritage processes exclude many groups of people due to the psychological processes that are favoured in current procedures. Risk perception research has affected mitigation strategies in the realms of natural disaster planning (for example, earthquake preparedness) and, more recently, climate change mitigation. The paper outlines relevant psychological research and highlights areas that have the potential to inform heritage loss mitigation. 相似文献
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超国家主义思潮是一战后日本社会出现的一股右翼思潮。它以“改造与革新”为口号。它的形成与当时的国民心态密切相关。它是群体心理的集中反映。 相似文献