陈云与新中国的橡胶事业

建国初期,为落实中共中央的战略决策,陈云通过调查和实地考察,对如何发展橡胶事业,提出和实施了一系列重大措施:建立橡胶基地,组建橡胶垦殖队伍,解决橡胶种子问题,适时调整橡胶事业的失误。陈云关于橡胶事业的一系列重要指示和意见,对于搞好我国的橡胶事业,不仅起到了巨大的推动作用,而且也有着重大的现实意义。     

基于城乡一体化发展模式的新农村建设探讨

我国新农村建设面临着诸多问题,这些问题的解决需要新模式的引入.在深入解析城乡一体化发展模式的基础上,揭示了其对新农村建设的启示.并从城镇化趋势、小城镇建设、城乡统筹规划和模式创新等多重角度,对基于城乡一体化发展模式的新农村建设进行分析和探讨,以图为可持续的农村建设提供模式和方法指导.     

Doing gender and development: understanding empowerment and local gender relations

A major dilemma in Gender and Development (GAD) work is why it is that sometimes women may feel better off colluding with gendered structures that ensure their continued subordination rather than seeking approaches that will allow them to break free of this. Kandiyoti (1988 Gender and Society 2 274–90) has identified this apparent collusion as 'patriarchal bargains', which offer women greater advantages than they perceive can be achieved by challenging the prevailing order. Such women are therefore reluctant to engage in empowering activities that may challenge their gendered bargain. This paper explains this dilemma in the context of GAD work undertaken with Bedouin women in Southern Egypt.     

从《货殖列传》看司马迁的生产经营思想

司马迁的《货殖列传》中有着丰富的经济思想。司马迁以不同于历代封建统治的眼光为人们的逐利求富活动进行辩护,特别是他对生产经营过程中的一些问题进行了分析和探讨,提出了许多宝贵的生产经营思想。这些思想在当时是难能可贵的,在今天仍有着积极的借鉴意义。     

Cemented ash as a receptacle or work surface for ochre powder production at Sibudu,South Africa, 58,000 years ago

The white ash of Sibudu hearths sometimes became cemented and, when this was the case, some of these crusts were used as work surfaces or receptacles, particularly in occupations dating about 58,000 years ago. Substantial deposits of red and yellow ochre powder have been found on these crusts. This suggests that the ochre was not associated with hearths for heat treatment because yellow ochre readily transforms to red even at low temperatures. XRF readings suggest that the ochre used at the site derives from different geological sources. Micromorphological studies imply that phosphatization caused the cementation of the ashes in some hearths, while gypsum growth hardened one of the hearths described here.     

Pottery politics: Late Classic Maya palace production at Motul de San José, Petén,Guatemala

Archeologists often rely heavily on stone monuments, architecture, settlement patterns, and written texts to reconstruct ancient political systems. In this paper we focus on the role of polychrome pottery as both a reflection of and critical component in the production of power relations. We present rare direct evidence of polychrome pottery production recovered from the Maya site of Motul de San José, the presumed Late Classic (ca. 600–900 AD) capital of the epigraphically-recognized Ik’ polity. Our contextual analysis of production debris and tools complement on-going polychrome vessel style and chemical analyses of Ik’ Style polychrome vessels to suggest that Motul de San José’s royal court was an important center in the manufacture of Ik’ Style polychrome pottery. These elaborate vessels indexed the political history, power, and networks of the Ik’ polity. By combining archeological, iconographic, and epigraphic data of polychrome pottery, we shed light on Motul de San José’s internal political-economic dynamics as well as its macro-political alliances and tensions with other polities.     

Opportunistic versus target mode: Prey choice changes in central-western Korean prehistory

Human decision-making processes are usually hierarchical in that higher-level decisions impose constraints on lower-level decisions. As a result, prey choices during individual foraging trips are governed to a large degree by higher-level decisions regarding how to supply resources to satisfy demands, with higher-level decisions typically made prior to foraging trips. Resource selectivity and search bias sometimes take place in this context. By dividing resource procurement modes into opportunistic and target, I discuss how choice of mode on the basis of an overall economic plan affects prey choice during foraging trips and faunal assemblage composition resulting from those trips. An analysis of taxonomic diversity in shellmidden assemblages from the central-western Korean Late Chulmun Period (3500–1300 BC) and Middle and Late Mumun Period (700–100 BC) shows that Late Chulmun people adopted a target mode, while Middle/Late Mumun people adopted an opportunistic mode in their exploitation of marine resources. A decrease in the importance of marine resource in Middle/Late Mumun produced a change in taxonomic diversity by increasing the opportunistic cost of marine resource exploitation.     

Specialization of ceramic production: A sherd assemblage based analytic perspective

One expectation of emergent complexity is that as ceramic craft specialization increases it is reflected by increasingly homogeneous products due to the modified organization of craft production by specialists. This question has most often been addressed by analysis of sub-sets of larger ceramic assemblages consisting of intact vessels from idiosyncratic contexts. However, excavations often do not yield appropriate whole vessel sub-sets. In order to evaluate the changing context of the organization of ceramic production, we engage a robust methodological approach to the analysis of ceramic sherd assemblages, rather than intact vessels, rooted in cluster analysis but which we rigorously evaluate by other means. We successfully employ this method to assess changes in the organization of ceramic production through a 1000 year sequence leading to the emergence of the Tarascan state, and conclude in this case that no significant reorganization of ceramic production occurred with Tarascan state formation.     

基于场域理论的文化遗产旅游地多维空间生产研究——以江南水乡周庄古镇为例

本文以皮埃尔点布迪厄的"场域理论"和列斐伏尔"空间的生产理论"为视角,以深度访谈和参与观察为基础,对周庄古镇从"一元同心并置结构"到"多元同心嵌套结构"转变过程中的多维空间生产进行了分析,结果表明:旅游场域形成之前的空间属于"内源性自生式本体空间",以"物理属性"为主;旅游场域形成后的空间属于"外源性嵌入式构建空间",倾向于"社会属性";旅游开发使物质空间景观化、文化空间多元化和社会空间复杂化,空间的分异和碎化趋向表明古镇社区正由"差序格局"转向"团体格局",进而表现为一种混合性"属地格局"。空间生产的动力机制主要是全球化背景下的地方怀旧情结、空间生产背后的政治力量博弈和空间生产中社区精英示范效应三种原因所致。本文指出在旅游快速发展背景下,古镇空间不是空洞的空间,空间的生产方向应该成为关注的焦点,这对理解古镇旅游空间场域的形成、生产及包容性发展具有重要导向。     

基于多维属性整合的古村落旅游发展模式研究——以历史文化名村为例

不同发展阶段的古村落应采取不同的发展模式,开发模式的选取必须依据其潜力与现状的组合状况,潜力代表未来的可能与希望,现状则表明目前发展的状态,二者的组合可以说明现状与潜力的差距以及对古村落所处可持续发展的阶段类型;选取7个村落,依据市场吸引力和坚固性双指标,对其潜力分析;构建可持续发展评价指标体系,利用FoxPro软件及SPSS软件对其可持续发展现状进行分析,根据组合状况划分可持续发展类型:从每一类型中选取一个,在指出保护区模式、城镇化模式以及社区参与模式特点后,归纳判别标准作为模式选择的重要依据,采取相关人士评价的方法,计算其遗产保护、旅游开发和社区发展的指数,辨别出时间轴上不同阶段的历史文化名村应采取的旅游发展模式,以期对古村落多维属性持续发展提供借鉴。