建国初期桂林市私营工商业的恢复与发展

建国初期,根据桂林市现代工业基础薄弱而私营工商业基础相对较好的实际情况,党和政府采取以恢复与发展私营工商业为重点、其中又以恢复与发展商业为重点的两大举措,加强对私营工商业的保护、扶持和对私营工商业者的改造,引导其健康发展,经过三年努力,将半殖民地半封建的旧官僚消费城市改造建设成新民主主义的新型生产城市。     

Local and territorial determinants in the realization of public–private–partnerships: an empirical analysis for Italian provinces

ABSTRACT

Relational networks and intangible factors are crucial elements for the competitiveness of a territory. Public–Private–Partnerships (PPPs), in particular, allow for the provision of goods and services that favour the exploitation of complementarities between public and private resources. They aim at promoting an increase in the overall efficiency of investment projects through a complex mechanism that distributes risk and revenues among stakeholders. This paper examines the local and territorial determinants of PPPs through an econometric analysis based upon Italian municipal data, grouped at the provincial level. Using a tobit model, we analyse the relationship between the realization of successful PPP initiatives and different sets of factors, including less analysed local and territorial determinants. We stress the role of the local management of infrastructure assets, the administrative efficiency of local authorities and the diffusion of previous local development initiatives. Local management and territorial context factors explain most of the occurrence of successful PPP initiatives in the pre-crisis period while usual determinants (infrastructure endowment and financial distress) display a weaker effect.     

我国个体和私营经济法律地位的历史演变

党和国家对个体私营经济法律地位的认识及保护,有一个不断发展并逐渐深化的过程。在经历了1949～1954年有限发展、1956～1978年几乎绝迹的时期后,自改革开放以来,我国经济体制发生了很大变化,个体和私营经济相应地也迎来了1978～1992年大力发展的时期和1992～2003年蓬勃发展的时期,其法律地位也发生了巨大的变化。     

Migrant masculinities in-between private and public spaces of reproductive labour: Asian porters in Rome

Abstract

This article explores the construction of migrant masculinities in the context of reproductive labour. It focuses on Asian Christian men working as porters in upper middle-class residential buildings in Rome (Italy). This masculinised niche of reproductive labour combines differently gendered chores: feminised tasks (cleaning and caring) - mainly performed in the most private spaces of the home - and masculinised tasks (maintenance and security), carried out in the public or semi-public spaces of the buildings. The analysis addresses the dearth of studies on the sex-typing of jobs in the context of migrant men’s work experiences. It also contributes to ongoing debates on the geography of reproductive labour, by exploring how gendered practices of migrant reproductive labour construct private and public places. The construction of masculinities and place is shaped by the gendered racialisation of migrant men at the wider societal level, which materialises in the construction of ‘dangerous’ and ‘respectable’ urban areas. The article suggests that widespread concerns over religious difference and public security play a key role in defining migrant men’s access to the workplace and in shaping work relations.