烧制温度对红砖物理力学性质的影响

在多年自然营力作用下,有些古建筑的砖体正遭受着严重的风化破坏,亟需修复和加固。为此,通过试验,研究烧制温度对红砖物理力学性质的影响,以期为古建筑修复和保护提供理论参考。利用模具手工制作边长为5 cm的立方体黏土砖。利用高温炉分别在700、800、900、1 000和1 100℃的温度下烧制成红砖。然后,测试不同烧制温度下红砖的块体密度、颗粒密度、开孔孔隙率、总孔隙率、常压吸水率、饱和吸水率、毛细吸水系数、纵波波速、孔径分布、单轴抗压强度。结果表明,烧制温度会影响物理力学性质,但物理力学性质并非随着烧制温度的增加而改善。烧制温度为1 100℃时砖的性能最优,烧制温度为800℃和900℃时砖的性能中等,烧制温度为700℃和1 000℃时砖的性能差。本文分析了烧制温度为1 000℃时红砖的物理力学性质差的原因。研究结果可为古建筑修复和保护提供理论参考。     

元“月明沧海”琴的修复

"月明沧海"琴为上海博物馆藏品,元至正壬辰(公元1352年)制造。琴额部有两处木质缺洞,木质纤维素腐烂,蛀眼19个,额部其它部位漆颜色暗淡,琴左侧面下方、琴额背面均有缺损。对这件古琴制定修复方案,并开展清洁、处理蛀洞、分析灰胎、加固、补配、批灰、涂漆、打磨、做旧等保护修复工艺流程。结果表明,传统修复工艺与现代科学技术检测的结合,使此件文物的修复工作相当成功。     

The Untold Heritage Value and Significance of Replicas

This article focuses on the fraught questions surrounding replicas and their use in heritage contexts, drawing on an in-depth qualitative study of a historic replica, the 1970 concrete St John’s Cross, Iona. We examine how replicas ‘work’ and unravel the part that social relations, place, and materiality play in the production and negotiation of their authenticity. The research shows that replicas are important objects in their own right, acquiring value, authenticity, and aura. The ‘life’ of a replica generates networks of relationships between people, places, and things, including the original historic object. While the underlying human stories of creativity, skill, and craftsmanship are rendered invisible when replicas are treated as mere surrogates, we argue that these ‘life-stories’ should be incorporated into future conservation, management and interpretation. The article spells out practical advice and guidance for heritage professionals who find themselves dealing with replicas.     

Neoliberal Capitalism and Conservation in the Post‐crisis Era: The Dialectics of “Green” and “Un‐green” Grabbing in Greece and the UK

“Green‐grabbing”, in which environmental arguments support expropriation of land and resources, is a recognized element in neoliberal conservation. However, capitalism's strategic interest in promoting the neoliberalization of conservation is accompanied by attempts to exploit hitherto protected natures without any pretence at “greenness”. In this paper we explore the dialectics between “green” and “un‐green” grabbing as neoliberal strategies in the reconstruction of nature conservation policies after the 2008 financial “crash” in Greece and the UK. In both countries, accelerated neoliberalization is manifested in diverse ways, including initiatives to roll back conservation regulation, market‐based approaches to “saving” nature and the privatization of public nature assets. The intensification of “green” and “un‐green” grabbing reflects capitalism's strategic interest in both promoting and obstructing nature conservation, ultimately leaving for “protected natures” two choices: either to be further degraded to boost growth or to be “saved” through their deeper inclusion as commodities visible to the market.     

论观景台之作用、保护与制度建设

观景台是人类经选择从事观察景物活动的最佳场所,其形式多样,既有天然观景台,也有人工观望台,还有的观景台本身即是景观。观景台对所观察到的遗产能发挥促进保护的作用,因此,既是一类重要的文化遗产保护对象,更是一类可以发挥重要作用的保护手段,可以纳入文化遗产保护的制度建设。     

甘肃玉门花海西晋墓群出土木牍的保护

甘肃河西地区出土文物特殊的高盐碱埋藏地质环境,造成画像砖、木质文物、丝织品等文物埋藏期间大量盐碱的渗入。文物出土后,随着环境温湿度的变化,使得文物内部盐碱重结晶,直接导致了画像砖画面脱落、木质文物崩裂及丝织品脆化。本工作针对甘肃玉门花海西晋墓群出土木牍的损害状况,进行了表面清理、渗透填充加固、脱盐及对个别器物进行了回软整形等保护,保护处理后状况良好,保护方法对同一地区出土其他木质文物的保护有借鉴作用。     

'Hired Hands' or 'Local Voice': Understandings and Experience of Local Participation in Conservation

In recent years, the notion of local participation has emerged as a major force in both policy-making and political philosophy. This paper explores the role that participation is playing in mediating relations between local people, conservation organizations and the ideas and practices of nature conservation in England. Drawing upon empirical research in the county of Kent, the paper argues that there are systematic discrepancies between the motives, experiences and understandings of the various policy actors towards the theory and practice of a participatory conservation. It argues that these apparent discrepancies have serious implications for both the credibility and the effectiveness of present initiatives, whereby participatory practice serves to reshape existing conceptions of conservation and rural space.     

A socioeconomic impact assessment of three Italian national parks

The expansion of protected areas (PAs) is feared to negatively affect the local economy, as every PA, albeit to different degrees, entails restriction to the economic activities. The literature on the topic has started assessing what is the socioeconomic impact of PAs, mostly focusing on the Global South. The objective of this article is the analysis of the socioeconomic impact of three Italian national parks (NPs), established in the 2000s, using a counterfactual approach based on both the outcome regression diff-in-diff and the doubly robust diff-in-diff combined with different propensity score-based and Mahalanobis distance matching procedures. We find that the three Italian NPs have a robust and statistically significant impact on average income of residents in municipalities hosting them. Conversely, there is weak evidence that population and local establishments are positively affected, and touristic local establishments and employment are negatively affected by the three NPs. All together the results indicate that the three NPs have no negative effect on the socioeconomic dynamics of the territories impacted, although additional investigations are required to shed lights to the impact mechanisms.     

以糯米灰浆为代表的中国传统有机-无机复合灰浆研究进展和新发现

在中国数千年的建筑实践中,已发现许多具有中国特色的创造,其中以糯米灰浆为代表的中国传统有机-无机复合灰浆就是其中的一类。本文综述了自2007年以来相关研究的进展,包括：针对传统灰浆中有机残留物的化学检测和免疫分析技术的创新发展;全国252处古建筑遗址的1149个灰浆样品的检测结果及解读;糯米灰浆和桐油灰浆等传统胶凝材料固化作用机理及效果的实验验证;糯米灰浆研究成果对世界的影响及在世界复合材料历史上的地位;最近在新石器时代“白灰面”中新发现的有机添加物及相关溯源;传统糯米灰浆的改良研究及在文物保护工程中的应用情况等。这一系列的探索性研究不仅可为古建筑保护提供材料和技术,也为弘扬中华文明提供了鲜活的案例。     

云南横断山区的多样性与可持续发展的案例研究

横断山区是我国自然环境、生物、民族社会、文化、经济最为复杂多样的区域。多样性是国家和民族的财富。人类的持续发展离不开多样性。自然生物多样性和民族社会文化多样性各具特色。横断山区的多样性要采取开发性保护和保护性的开发。在民族地区要开发民族文化力,建立既能固守文化传统,又能适应现代化道路的民族文化发展模式。通过民族文化力来协调人与地的关系。保证横断山区多样性永存和社会经济的持续发展。