论大革命后期张发奎与中共的离合

张发奎是北伐战争中著名的国民党左派将领,大革命时期,曾经与共产党人有过密切的合作,中共也曾经对他寄望甚殷,对他做了许多争取工作。但由于种种原因,在第一次国共合作破裂的紧要关头,张发奎仍选择了追随右派分共。中共遂放弃“依张”政策,单独发动南昌起义,对此,张提出“井水不犯河水”,分共而不积极反共。不久,张发奎赶走桂系、回到广州,中共提出不要对张再有任何幻想,又在广州发动起义,张大为恼怒,极力镇压。国共分裂之初,中共还不懂得应如何对待国民党地方实力派,张发奎等也还未学会与国共对立后的中共如何打交道。     

“江南本”《史记》考略

\"江南本\"《史记》曾藏于北宋御府,至南宋时已残缺近半,后来亡佚.该书的情况,仅见南宋高似孙论及.本文主要依据高氏所提供的江南本《史记》例文,并参北宋景祐本等相关材料校证,得出以下结论:江南本《史记》为五代官写本.该本与北宋官方刊定的《史记》文本有密切关系,可能就是北宋时校刊《史记》用的底本,它是唐宋之间《史记》传承的一个重要环节.     

老河口市柴店岗砖厂汉代窑址清理简报

1999年,老河口市博物馆配合柴店岗砖厂取土,抢救清理了1座西汉中晚期陶窑。窑为半地穴式建筑,3个烟囱,主要由窑前室、火门、火膛、窑床等构成。窑室东部低洼地堆积有丰富的窑内废弃物,主要有日用陶器、丧葬用陶、生产工具、建筑仞陶等。此窑应为专门烧制日用陶器、丧葬用陶及建筑用陶的民营私窑。     

甘肃新石器时代与青铜代陶器研究的内容和科学意义

综述了现代分析测试方法和数学方法在古代陶器成分分析、年代测定、制作工艺、产地判断、形态分析方面的应用以及甘肃新石器与青铜时代陶器研究的意义。     

《元史·刘黑马传》“七万户”蠡测

元太宗窝阔台即位伊始即设汉军“三万户”分统汉军 ,《元史·刘黑马传》又有增立“七万户”的记载。以往学者对“七万户”的考证 ,皆认为是在“三万户”的基础上增置了四个万户 ,只是对四个万户人选的考证略有差异。实则“七万户”并非在“三万户”的基础上增置了四个万户 ,而是耶律朱哥、刘黑马率领的宣德、西京、河东方面军中增置了六个汉军万户。其中五人为张札古带、奥屯世英、夹谷龙古带、田雄、“纪侯” ,另一人待考。“七万户”增置于壬辰年蒙金三峰山战役之后     

贾湖遗址出土古陶产地的初步研究

利用等离子体发射光谱 (ICP),对舞阳贾湖遗址出土古陶样品进行了常量元素和微量－痕量元素的测试分析,结合考古发掘资料和考古学分析,采用聚类分析方法,系统研究了贾湖遗址出土古陶的矿料来源,发现贾湖制陶业基本处于家庭制陶阶段。本文还将贾湖遗址与大河村遗址和西山遗址的出土古陶产地进行了比较研究。结果表明,这些遗址的陶器在聚类分析谱系图上被明显地分为相应的三类,它暗示上述三处遗址间无明显文化交流关系。     

I Want to Buy a Black Pot

Cooking pots made by craft specialists in a neighborhood in a small city in the Philippines are hand made, using the paddle and anvil technique, and then slipped with an iron-rich clay and polished with a marine shell. They are fired in an open fire, removed while very hot, and immersed in a bed of rice chaff. The result is a shiny black pot that is easily recognized in the market as being the product of this neighborhood. Such pots are valued by consumers as more beautiful and durable compared with pots made elsewhere. To see if the iron and carbon surface treatments improve the performance of the cooking pots, 50 pots were commissioned, with surfaces that varied from no treatment to slip only or carbon only as well as both carbon and slip. This collection was tested at the University of Arizona, and results clearly indicate that heating effectiveness is improved with both slip and carbon present. The surface treatments of red slip and smudge also affect the performance of pots for water permeability. However, our tests show no obvious relationships between strength and different surface treatments. The project illustrates the power of combining ethnoarchaeology with experimental studies in understanding artifact design.     

Imperial Expansion, Ethnic Change, and Ceramic Traditions in The Southern Chad Basin: A Terminal Nineteenth-Century Pottery Assemblage from Dikwa, Borno State, Nigeria

In the course of an archaeological project in the southern Chad Basin of Nigeria, excavations were conducted at several deeply stratified mound sites that date from the Late Neolithic to the Late Iron Age. As a way to complement the ceramic sequence obtained so far and to link it with today's pottery tradition, a small excavation was conducted at a site that dates to the turn of the nineteenth to the twentieth century A.D. A pottery assemblage was discovered that shows obvious links to today's tradition but notable breaks with those of the nineteenth century and earlier. This break in decoration style and technique is interpreted as an archaeologically visible expression of changing ethnic identity. This ethnic change and the associated spread of the ceramic tradition can be linked with the expansion of the sphere of power of the Kanem-Borno Empire into the area south of Lake Chad after the sixteenth century A.D.     

Two dwarves from Sweden: A unique case

In the same burial ground in use from the late eleventh to thirteenth century one male and one female dwarf were buried, only 1 m from each other. They were buried in the same way and with the same kind of grave goods as the others buried around them. The medical and osteological investigations of the skeletons show that the two individuals suffered from a very rare congenital malformation that made them dwarves: spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia congenita with mild coxa vara. A search of the palaeopathological literature has not revealed any other such cases. Because this disease is extremely rare, it is very likely that the two dwarves were closely related.