Chemical characterization of majolica from 14th–18th century production centers on the Iberian Peninsula: a preliminary neutron activation study

Majolica pottery is one of the most characteristic tableware produced during the Medieval and Renaissance periods. Majolica technology was introduced to the Iberian Peninsula by Islamic artisans during Medieval times, and its production and popularity rapidly spread throughout Spain and eventually to other locations in Europe and the Americas. The prestige and importance of Spanish majolica was very high. Consequently, this ware was imported profusely to the Americas during the Spanish Colonial period. Nowadays, Majolica pottery serves as an important horizon marker at Spanish colonial sites. A preliminary study of Spanish-produced majolica was conducted on a set of 246 samples from the 12 primary majolica production centers on the Iberian Peninsula. The samples were analyzed by neutron activation analysis (NAA), and the resulting data were interpreted using an array of multivariate statistical procedures. Our results show a clear discrimination between different production centers. In some cases, our data allow one to distinguish amongst shards coming from the same production location suggesting different workshops or group of workshops were responsible for production of this pre-industrial pottery.     

论江汉地区二例相关的史前陶文

阴湘城和石家河古城是江汉地区两个著名的史前时代的古城。最近,在这两个古城遗址的发掘中发现了两例相似的陶文。作者对这两例陶文进行了考释,认为它们是“荆”字最初的写法。他进一步认为“荆”是距今4000-5000年前生活在江汉地区的一个远古部落的名称,而荆州也因此而得名。     

包山二号墓陶罐试析

本主要探讨了湖北荆门包山二号楚墓出土的12件陶罐在其墓主人时代存在的三种不同的原有名称及其各自不同的原有功用。原名“（石缶）”的陶罐是具有保鲜、保温、防碰撞、盛装成品或半成品食物、可供加热之用的稍大型贮存容器;原名“（土缶）”的陶罐是具有保鲜、保温、防碰撞、盛装即食食物、可供加热和携带之用的稍大型贮运容器;原名“”的陶罐是具有掩蔽、保鲜、保温、防碰撞、盛装成品食物之用的稍小型贮存容器。     

商周印纹硬陶与原始瓷器研究

本文讨论了中国古代高温釉器物的起源、基本特征、产地 ,以及陶瓷器族群不同种类的界定与命名等问题。作者认为 ,陶器和瓷器从商周时期开始形成两个不同的发展序列 ,二者各自发展 ,互有影响 ,且时代越晚 ,其关系越疏远。二者的联结点是特殊的陶器———印纹硬陶。     

甘肃新石器时代与青铜代陶器研究的内容和科学意义

综述了现代分析测试方法和数学方法在古代陶器成分分析、年代测定、制作工艺、产地判断、形态分析方面的应用以及甘肃新石器与青铜时代陶器研究的意义。     

从青铜爵的来源探讨爵柱的功用

爵是夏、商和西周时期重要的青铜礼器之一。爵柱的功能为何是许多青铜器研究者和鉴赏者经常提出的问题。本文根据对史前陶鬶的研究,认为爵、斝皆源于陶鬶,青铜爵的柱是其祖形——“原始管流陶鬶”的流根处的“鸡冠形装饰”的演化,代表了“鸟冠”的意义。     

汉代陶俑彩绘颜料表征分析

为了建立汉代彩绘工艺、彩绘颜料等方面的数据库,为跨地域横向对比研究及彩俑的中长期保护和博物馆展出提供科学依据,本研究利用MINLTA CR-300色度仪、X—Rite Spectrodensitometer密度仪、XTL系列显微镜分析方法,对汉代陶俑彩绘6种颜料层61个样品的色度数据和5件陶俑残片颜料密度值的分布范围和表面显微结构信息特征进行了系统的分析测试。在大量色度数据的收集分析基础上,构建球体色度容差评估模型。球体色度容差评估结果表明,黑色样品保存较为完好,橙红色色度腐蚀现象严重,橙红色陶俑样品较其他样品分布均匀。颜料密度分析表明,橙红色陶俑腿残片保存状况相对较好,表面的颜料层较均匀且致密。显微分析发现,5％B72乙醇体系对表面颜料加固中,B72加固剂的分散性好,颜料表面无明显变化,在陶俑彩绘颜料保护过程中,B72-乙醇体系是可以选择的。     

南方地区若干典型遗址出土早期陶器工艺比较分析

古代保留下来的遗存中陶器最为丰富,承载着我国先民们生产、生活的各类丰富信息本工作是在以往中科院上海硅酸盐研究所和景德镇陶瓷学院等单位对我国早期陶器相关科技研究的基础上,在国家自然科学基金的支持下,结合近年来相关考古机构对我国南方广西桂林甑皮岩、江西万年仙人洞、浙江浦江上山等若干典型遗址出土早期陶器的科技研究积累,对各遗址制陶原料的选取和加工、陶器成型及烧成方法等一系列我国早期陶器制作的工艺特,点、技术内涵等进行了比较分析,以期对我国南方不同文化区系早期陶器的演变和发展有更加深入、全面和客观的认识。     

湖南桃源出土战国彩绘陶器的科学分析

为研究湖南桃源县战国楚墓出土彩绘陶器的组成结构及保存现状,采用能量色散X射线荧光光谱法(EDXRF)、扫描电镜-能谱法(SEM-EDS)、X射线衍射法(XRD)和激光拉曼光谱法(LRS)等手段对陶器胎体成分、表面彩绘、金属涂层等进行分析检测。结果表明:这批彩绘陶器胎体成分相近,为普通易熔黏土。彩绘陶器表面的红色颜料为朱砂(HgS),黑色颜料为炭黑(C)。在彩绘陶壶、陶鼎和陶敦表面发现金属涂层装饰,通过扫描电镜能谱和X射线衍射分析,确定涂层为单质锡,属于锡涂陶的范畴。同时红外光谱测试显示锡层内面棕黑色物质为生漆,可能混合其他胶结材料。以上结果为研究战国时期彩绘陶器,特别是锡涂陶的制作工艺及发展提供了新的资料。     

Minero-petrographic characterization of fine ware from Cales (South Italy)

79 samples of black glazed pottery, Terra sigillata, fine common ware, and production indicators were recovered in the archaeological site of Cales and investigated via a multi-analytical program (polarized light microscopy, thermal analyses, XRPD, XRF, FESEM, FESEM-EDS). Among the materials, finds of important production indicators, represented by welded pieces of black glazed pottery and spacers, attest a local production. Polarized light microscopy shows that the inclusions consist of feldspar, quartz, mica, calcite, and lithic fragments of both volcanic and sedimentary nature. Additional information about the mineralogical assemblage comes from the XRPD that revealed the presence of neoformed Ca-silicates, indicating equivalent firing temperatures ranging from 750 to 1050°C. All the samples show a Ca-rich character and an extreme compositional homogeneity, including the production indicators. The comparison with some Ca-rich Campanian clay raw materials shows a greater affinity with the Mio-Pliocene marine clay sediments of the Apennine sector, which include local clays. This allowed us to formulate the first hypotheses about clay sources used to produce fine pottery during the third century BCE to the early imperial period in Cales.